《野草》的主体性和矛盾性——1940至1950年代有关鲁迅思想理解的分歧之一

Subjectivity and Contradiction of Weeds——One of the Differences in the Understanding of Lu Xun’s Thought from the 1940s to the 1950s

在1940至1950年代的左翼文化界,研究者对《野草》及鲁迅思想的理解存在着一致和分歧。其分歧主要表现在:是否敢于承认鲁迅于创作中呈现出思想消极性和矛盾性;这一思想消极性和矛盾性是否正是鲁迅前期思想局限性之表征。胡风派一直强调主体性和革命性价值的统一,而冯雪峰、邵荃麟等理解却发生了重大变化。其变化之一,就是把《野草》中所蕴含的那种清醒的现实主义精神和主体意志抛弃了,所谓鲁迅前期思想的消极性、矛盾性和局限性于此得以凸显,鲁迅也就成了必须依靠一种外在力量来予以拯救的现代知识分子。

In the left-wing cultural circles from the 1940 s to the 1950 s, researchers held same and divergent views on the ideological connotation of Weeds and therefore on Lu Xun’s thought. The differences are mainly manifested in: whether or not they dare to admit Lu Xun’s ideological negativity and contradictions in his creation, and whether or not these are the signs of the limitation of Lu Xun’s early thoughts. The Hu Feng School always emphasized the unity of subjectivity and revolutionary value, but Feng Xuefeng, Shao Quanlin and others underwent major changes in their understanding. One of the changes is to abandon the sober realistic spirit and subjective will contained in Weeds. As a result, the so-called negativity, contradiction and limitation of Lu Xun’s early thoughts are highlighted here. Thus, Lu Xun has become a modern intellectual who must rely on an external force to get rescued.