20世纪西方文本理论的三次转向与意义生成

Three Turns and Meaning Generation of Western Text Theory in the 20th Century

作为西方20世纪文学理论的最重要成果之一,西方文本理论发生过三次转向。俄国形式主义、英美新批评相继开启了文本理论从研究作者到研究作品的转向,其意义是客观、稳定的;法国结构主义和后结构主义的出场,致使文本理论从作品转向文本,文学意义由封闭走向开放。随着电子网络的普及,一种新型的文本实践——超文本形成,使文学意义呈现出对话性、交流性,这对于指导中国现当代文学文本理论话语和体系建设,尤其是当前在电子媒介的倾轧下,如何实现文学文本的突围、重建,能够提供某些经验教训以及富有科学性的建设指导。

As one of the most important achievements of Western literary theory in the 20 th century, text theory has witnessed three turns. First, Russian formalism and British and American new criticism successively opened the turn of text theory from the study of authors to the study of works. Their literary significance is objective and stable. Then, the emergence of French structuralism and post structuralism has led to the shift of text theory from works to texts, and the literary significance has changed from closeness to openness. With the popularity of electronic network, a new type of text practice--hypertext has been formed, which makes the literary significance dialogic and communicative. This may provide some experience and lessons as well as scientific construction guidance for the theoretical discourse and system construction of Chinese modern and contemporary literary texts, especially for how to realize a breakthrough and reconstruction of literary texts in the jostling of the current electronic media.