基于可行能力理论的国有林区主观福祉影响因素实证分析——全面停止天然林商业性采伐的视角

Empirical Analysis on Determinants of Subjective Well-Being in Stated-Owned Forest Area Based on Capability Approach:from the Perspective of Full Stop Commercial Logging

【目的】掌握全面停止天然林商业性采伐背景下国有林区主观福祉的基本现状,解析国有林区职工主观福祉的影响因素,为检验生态工程实施效果、制定生态政策和权衡林业民生提供决策参考。【方法】基于657份国有林区民生改革监测数据,采用交叉列联表分析国有林区主观福祉的基本特征,以阿玛蒂亚·森可行能力理论为框架构建国有林区职工主观福祉影响因素理论模型,运用有序Logit模型实证分析各维度影响因素对国有林区职工收入满意度和生活满意度的引致作用,并应用边际效应分析方法探究各因素的影响程度。【结果】1)总体上,国有林区主观福祉水平不高,低于中国农民和城镇居民的主观福祉水平;2)全面停止天然林商业性采伐对两大森工集团职工收入有差异化影响,基础设施建设滞后制约国有林区主观福祉提升;各森工集团人均收入水平几近相同,但消费水平差距显著,兼业人数逐渐增多;3)受教育程度、家庭总收入、社会保障、政策公平和扶持政策对国有林区职工收入满意度有显著影响;性别、婚姻、健康状态、家庭总收入、住房条件、交通建设、是否兼业和社会保障对国有林区职工生活满意度有显著影响。【结论】国有林区主观福祉低于中国农民和城镇居民的主观福祉水平,两大森工集团各维度福祉存在差异。全面停止天然林商业性采伐未带来国有林区微观主体主观福祉变动,收入也并非影响国有林区职工主观福祉的唯一因素;防护性保障成为影响国有林区职工主观福祉的核心维度,社会保障对国有林区职工主观福祉尤为关键。个体特征、经济条件和居住环境是影响国有林区职工主观福祉的重要因素。未来提高国有林区职工防护性保障水平、夯实基础设施建设有利于提升国有林区幸福感。

【Objective】This paper was implemented to grasp the situations and determinants of the subjective well-being in state-owned forest area under full stop commercial logging,in order to provide a decision reference for testing the effects of ecological project,improving ecological policy and weighing the residents’livelihood of forestry.【Method】Based on 657 monitoring data from state-owned forest reform,the basic characteristics of subjective well-being in state-owned forested area by using cross-linked tables were analyzed.Based on the capability approach of Amartya Sen,a theoretical model of influencing factors of subjective well-being in state-owned forest area was constructed.The factors influencing income satisfaction and life satisfaction of state-owned forest area were analyzed using ordered Logit model.The marginal effect analysis method was used to explore the influence degree of each factor.【Result】Firstly,subjective well-being of state-owned forest area was not high,and lower than the subjective well-being of Chinese farmer and citizen.Secondly,the policy had different impacts on workers’income,the lag of infrastructure construction restricted the improvement of subjective well-being.The per-capital income level of forest area was similar,but the consumption level was significant,the number of part-time jobs was increasing.Thirdly,education,income,social security,policy equity and support policies had significant effects on income satisfaction in state-owned forest area.Gender,marriage,health,income,living condition,traffic,part-time job and social security had significant effects on life satisfaction in state-owned forest areas.【Conclusion】The level of subjective well-being of state-owned forest area is under farmer and resident,and there are some differences in each dimension of subjective well-being in different forest areas.Full Stop Commercial Logging did not bring the changes of subjective well-being of workers’in state-owned forest area.Income is not the only way of subjective well-being in state-owned forest area,the protective guarantee becomes the core dimension that affects the subjective well-being of workers in state-owned forest area,social security is crucial to the subjective well-being of state-owned forest area,social equity is the leading factor to improve income satisfaction.Individual characteristics,economic conditions and living environments are three important factors to subjective well-being.In the future,the level of protective guarantee of workers and the solid foundation of infrastructure construction in state-owned forest area should be put forward to improve the subjective well-being.