安徽省不同年代育成大豆品种的性状演变分析

Evolution Analysis of Main Characters of Soybean Varieties Released in Different Years in Anhui Province

为系统分析不同年代育成品种的性状演变规律,给黄淮海地区大豆育种和生产工作提供参考,本研究对1983-2019年以来安徽省育成的96个大豆品种的主要性状演变进行分析。结果表明:37年间品种单株荚数增加4.23个,百粒重增加2.73 g,产量提高728.32 kg·hm^-2;株高降低8.38 cm,分枝数降低0.7个,亚有限生长习性品种比例由1980s的87.5%减少到2010s的5.36%,蛋白及脂肪含量略有降低。1980s-1990s及1990s-2000s,单株荚数和百粒重均有较大程度增加,产量提高较快。育成品种的单株荚数、百粒重与产量呈显著和极显著正相关,株高、分枝数与产量呈显著负相关。从96份品种中筛选出稳产品种17份,其百粒重显著高于一般品种,株高略低于一般品种。研究结果说明在安徽省目前的生产条件及栽培方式下,培育分枝较少、株高适宜、百粒重相对较大的品种利于高产稳产,改进大豆栽培方式有利于大豆产量突破。

In order to systematically analyze the evolution law of breeding varieties in different years and provide reference for soybean breeding and production in Huanghuaihai region, we analyzed the main character changes of 96 soybean varieties released in Anhui during 1983-2019. The results showed that, in 37 years, the yield of varieties had increased by 728.32 kg·ha-1, with the pods per plant increased by 4.23 and the 100-seed weight increased by 2.73 g, the plant height and branch number of the varieties had decreased by 8.38 cm and 0.7 respectively, and the percentage of semi-determinate growth habit varieties had reduced from 87.5% in 1980 s to 5.36% in 2010 s. In 1980 s-1990 s and 1990 s-2000 s, the pods per plant and 100-seed weight of released varieties both increased greatly, and the yield of the varieties also improved quickly. There were significantly positive correlations between the yield with pods per plant and 100-seed weight. And the correlations between the yield with plant height and branch number were significantly negative related. 17 varieties with stable yield were selected from 96 varieties. The 100-seed weight of the stable yield varieties were significantly higher than that of general varieties, and the plant height were slightly lower than that of general varieties. Under the current production conditions and cultivation methods in Anhui, in order to obtain varieties of high and stable yield with fewer branch, suitable plant height, and relatively large 100-seed weight should be bred. And methods of improving soybean cultivation may be beneficial to yield breakthrough of soybean varieties.