标准作为治理工具及其立法观察

Standard as a Governance Tool and Its Legislation Observation

虽然治理理论经历从传统治理到新治理的过程,但是无绩效评估不治理的特征始终未变。自十八届三中全会明确提出“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”后,治理成为我国标准化改革的重要目标。我国标准化改革的成果,体现在新修订的《标准化法》及与此相关的一系列立法文本。因此对这些立法文本展开标准作为治理工具的立法观察,是治理的应有之义。基于标准作为治理工具的评估体系,观察发现:除江西和上海外,其余的公开法律文本都低于《标准化法》的治理水平;虽然各个文本的赋能类指标有较高的治理水平,但是没有放权就没有真正的赋能,所以当放权类指标的治理水平普遍为负值时,表明提升标准作为治理能力的重点是放权;虽然各法律文本有关第三部门性和信息透明性的规定有最高的治理值,但是由于放权不足,法律文本“规定”的高得分并没有带来“实施”的高得分。所以,提升标准作为治理工具能力的根本措施是放权。

Although governance theory has undergone development from traditional governance to new governance,but the feature that“governance relies on performance evaluation”has not changed.Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee clearly proposed“promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities”,governance has become an important goal of China’s standardization reform.The reform results are reflected in the revised Standardization Law of China and a series of related legislative texts.Observing these legislative texts with standards as a governance tool is the proper meaning of governance.Based on the evaluation system of standards as a governance tool,it is found that,except Jiangxi Province and Shanghai,the legal texts of the rest of provinces and municipalities are lower than the governance level of the Standardization Law.Although the empowerment indicators of each text have a high governance level,there is no real empowerment without decentralization.Therefore,when the governance level of decentralization indicators is generally negative,it indicates that the focus of improving standards as a governance capability is decentralization.Though the regulations on the third sectoral and information transparency in various legal texts have the highest governance value,due to insufficient delegation of authority,the high scores of"regulations"in the legal texts did not bring about the high scores of"implementation".Therefore,the fundamental measure to improve the ability of standards as a governance tool is to delegate power.