考虑顾客缺货反应的多产品两阶段JIT联合订货

Multi-item/Two-stage JIT Joint Replenishment Considering Customer Response to Stock-out

为了解决多产品两阶段联合订货决策问题,综合考虑顾客缺货反应及资源限制对订货决策的影响,提出资源限制条件下考虑CRS的多产品两阶段JIT联合订货策略。在此基础上,以零售商收益最大化为目标,建立了多产品两阶段JIT联合订货决策模型,并从初始解生成和殖民地国家革命方式两方面设计了改进的帝国主义竞争算法。从Gruen调查报告中选取三种不同规模的算例验证了模型和算法的适用性和有效性。研究表明:本文提出的考虑顾客缺货反应的多产品两阶段JIT联合订货方法既可以提高零售商的总收益,也能提高顾客的服务水平;当单位库存资源机会收益相近时,同组产品间不会发生替代情况,而当同组产品间的单位库存资源机会收益差距较大,且高于其他产品组的单位库存资源机会收益时,则该产品组便会出现缺货和替代情况,且若该组缺货产品的剩余资源单位机会收益小于其他组产品的单位资源机会收益,则该产品的剩余资源便会转移给其他缺货产品。研究结论可为零售商多产品两阶段JIT联合订货决策提供有益的参考。

Out-of-stock situations are inevitable in the multi-product joint inventory replenishment of retail commodities.Customers have several different responses to stock-out,such as abandoning purchase,delaying purchase or buying alternatives.Customer Response to Stock-out(CRS)differs among different product categories,which has a great impact on the inventory control of commodities and their alternatives.The single set of out-of-stock item and its substitute under multi-constraint is investigated,and various models have been explored in joint replenishment by prior empirical studies.However,the seemingly contradictory findings from the related studies indicate that there can be multiple sets in joint replenishment,which is still under-explored in extant literature.Moreover,there still exists irrational use of resources that some items can’t satisfy the demand while others have surplus supplies.There is a lack of research into multi-item two-stage JIT joint replenishment considering comprehensive utilization of resources and maximization of revenue.In the view of these,the research is extended into a two-stage JIT joint replenishment of retail commodities from two aspects,taking the impact of CRS and resource restrictions on ordering decisions into account.First,the joint order strategy under the resource restriction condition is suggested according to the JIT inventory principle.Second,the product group is extended from one group to multiple groups in accord with CRS rule.On this basis,a multi-product two-stage JIT joint replenishment model considering CRS is established with the goal of maximizing the retailer's revenue.According to the characteristics of the above model,the imperialist competition algorithm(ICA)is improved in terms of initial solution generation and revolution mode of colonial countries,to obtain the approximate optimal solution more quickly.A total of 9groups of 18products are selected from the Gruen survey report,and the model and the solutionare verified by numerical examples in three scales:scale 1(small:including 6kinds of products),scale 2(medium:including 12kinds of products)and scale 3(large:including 18kinds of products).The results show that compared with the ordering method without considering CRS,the multi-product two-stage JIT combined ordering method with CRS consideration can not only improve the retailer’s total revenue,but also improve the customer’s service level.The results also show that the unit resource opportunity income and the unit residual resource opportunity income are the main factors to decide how to allocate resources effectively.If the opportunity benefits of unit inventory resource in peer group are approximate each other,no replacement would be made in peer group.While,if the opportunity benefits of unit inventory resource in peer group vary significantly and are higher than those in other groups,substitution and stock-out would be shown in the group.More specifically,if the opportunity benefits of unit surplus resource are lower than the opportunity benefits of unit resource in other groups,the surplus resources of the product would be transferred to other out-of-stock products.The findings of the research could provide references to the decision making of multi-item/two-stage JIT joint replenishment for retailers.