考虑定价和需求关系的供应链网络优化研究

Research on Supply Chain Network Optimization with the Relationship of Pricing and Demand

本文通过引入价格-需求函数描述产品价格变化对消费者需求的影响,构建了一个由制造商、仓库和消费者组成的三级供应链网络。在此基础上,以最大化供应链总利润为目标、以定价和需求为决策变量,建立了混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型。基于该模型目标函数非线性的复杂性,采用外部近似法将目标函数近似线性化,即切割成有限条切线,使其可以求解。最后通过不同规模的算例分析验证了模型和算法的可行性与有效性,从而指导供应链上的企业权衡其成本和收益,提高顾客的满意度。

In the supply chain network, prices have a large impact on the consumer demand and profits. In this paper, a price-demand function is introduced to describe the effect of the changing price on consumer demand. Then a three-level supply chain network is constructed which constitutes manufacturer, warehouses, and consumers. By considering the pricing and demand as decision variables, a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) model is established, which aims to maximize the total profit of the supply chain. To address the MINLP model, the nonlinear objective function is firstly transformed into a nonlinear constraint. Then the nonlinear constraint is approximated by a finite number of tangents by using the outer-approximation method. Finally, a set of linear constraints are added into the model to replace the nonlinear constraint;hence the MINLP model is approximated by a mixed integer linear programming model. Although the scale of the model increases because of linearization, numerical experiments show that the outer-approximation method can still find the optimal solution of the problem on realistic-sized instances in a short time. The proposed model can guide the enterprises in the supply chain to balance the costs and benefits and to improve the customer satisfaction.