6种常见中国进口松科木材主要构造特征

Main Structure of Six Common Imported Pinaceae in China

在市场调查的基础上,以6种常见进口松科木材为研究对象,利用滑走切片机制备10~15μm切片,并用番红染色,酒精脱水及二甲苯透明,观察比较主要宏微观构造特征差异。结果表明,6种常见进口松科木材的主要构造特征:轴向管胞分子、木射线、轴向树脂道及交叉场纹孔等解剖特征上存在差异,依据识别解剖要点可进行鉴定。如管胞分子上的螺纹加厚仅见于北美黄杉Pseudotsuga menziesii;除铁杉Tsuga spp.外均具有轴向树脂道和径向树脂道;交叉场纹孔类型在6种木材中差异较大,樟子松Pinus sylvestris为窗格状,辐射松Pinus radiate为松型,铁杉为柏型,落叶松Larix spp.及北美黄杉为云杉型、杉型,云杉Picea spp.为云杉型。为规范市场、避免商业纠纷,对针叶树材建议采用宏观与微观特征相结合方式加以鉴别。

Based on market research,this article focuses on the comparative study of the anatomical feature of six commonly imported pinaceae wood species.The samples were sliced with a sliding microtome,and slices of 10~15μm were cut and dyed with safranin.The stained sections were dehydrated with an alcohol gradient and then cleared with xylene.The similarities and differences among the key anatomical features,such as axial tracheid molecules,wood rays,axial resin channels,and cross-field grooves,of these wood species were analyzed to confirm the macrocosmic and microcosmic discerns standard of these six kinds of wood species.Spiral thickening only occurred in cells of Pseudotsuga menziesii,while vertical and horizontal resin canals occurred in all these wood species except Tsuga spp..The type of cross-field pits is quite different among the six wood species.Pinus sylvestris is window-shaped,Pinus radiate is pine-type,cupressoid pit pair occurred in Tsuga spp.;piceoid pit pair occurred in Picea spp..To standardize the market and avoid commercial disputes,it is suggested that coniferous wood should be identified by combining the macro and micro characteristics.