同伴关系、主观锻炼体验与青少年余暇锻炼习惯的关系:一项交叉滞后分析

Relationship between Peer Relationship,Subjective Exercise Experience,and Adolescents'Leisure Physical Exercise Habits:A Cross-Lagged Analysis

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探究同伴关系、主观锻炼体验与青少年余暇锻炼习惯的因果关系。方法:采用中文版青少年社会排斥量表的拒绝分量表、青少年运动友谊质量量表、主观锻炼体验量表中的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表、体育锻炼行为规律性量表,以及修订体育锻炼习惯量表的锻炼行为和思维模式分量表,对上海市1201名初中生进行为期12周、2个阶段的追踪调查。结果:青少年同伴关系(接纳、友谊)、主观锻炼体验和余暇锻炼习惯的性别差异皆有统计学意义(女性除接纳得分高于男性外,其他各指标均低于男性);同伴关系、主观锻炼体验与余暇锻炼习惯具有跨时间稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,同伴关系能单向预测主观锻炼体验,且同伴关系(T1)对余暇锻炼习惯(T2)的预测系数高于余暇锻炼习惯(T1)对同伴关系(T2)的预测系数,主观锻炼体验(T1)对余暇锻炼习惯(T2)的预测系数与余暇锻炼习惯(T1)对主观锻炼体验(T2)的预测系数相近;同伴关系、主观锻炼体验对余暇锻炼习惯交叉滞后效应的性别差异有统计学意义。结论:青少年的同伴关系、主观锻炼体验和余暇锻炼习惯存在性别差异;同伴关系是主观锻炼体验和余暇锻炼习惯的原因变量,主观锻炼体验与余暇锻炼习惯存在互为因果关系,同伴关系是主观锻炼体验与余暇锻炼习惯因果关系中的一个调节变量,并且,该交叉滞后效应存在性别差异。

Objective:Used the cross-lagged research design of the quasi-experimental study to explore the causal relationship between the peer relationship(PR),subjective exercise experience(SEE)and leisure physical exercise habits(LPEH)for adolescent.Methods:Used the subscales of rejection of ostracism experience scale for adolescent,the youth sport friendship quality scale,the subscales of positive well-being and psychological distress of the subjective exer⁃cise experience scale,the physical exercise behavioral regularity scale,and the revision subscales of exercise behavior and thinking model of physical exercise habits scale,we made a twelve-week,two-stage(Test-1=T1,Test-2=T2)follow-up investigation on 1201 junior high school students from Shanghai as example(52.71%boys;M±SD=13.98±1.871).Results:For adolescent,gender differences in PR(including peer acceptance,peer friendship),SEE,and LPEH were significantly(P>0.05).Among them,in addition to the score of female peer acceptance was higher than male,the all of other indicators were lower than male.There were the trans-temporal-stable significant positive correlations between the PPR,SEE,and LPEH(P<0.001).The cross-lagged analysis revealed that,adolescents'PR might predict SEE in one-way.Moreover,the predictive coefficient(β=0.417)of PR(T1)on LPEH(T2)was much higher than the predictive co⁃efficient(β=0.087)of LPEH(T1)on PR(T2),while the predictive coefficient(β=0.333)of SEE(T1)on LPEH(T2)was similar to the predictive coefficient(β=0.314)of LPEH(T1)on SEE(T2).Furthermore,the gender difference of cross-lag effect between PR,SEE,and LPEH was significant.Conclusions:The gender differences were the trans-temporal-stable significant in adolescents'PR,SEE,and LPEH,and there were the causal relationships between PR,SEE,and LPEH.Among them,the PR is the cause variable of SEE and LPEH,and the SEE and LPEH have a mutual causal relationship.In this mutual causal relation⁃ship,the PR is a moderator variable.Moreover,the cross-lagged relationship of this study had the gender difference.