乒乓球比赛技战术效果评析模型的构建与应用

Development and Application of Effect Evaluation Model for Table Tennis Technique and Tactics

对乒乓球技战术进行统计和分析的方法在这些年取得了很大进步,但目前还不能满足教练员和运动员的需要。针对当前以最后一拍得失分为观察点的乒乓球技战术分析方法中存在的数据信息量少的问题,提出一种全新的对乒乓球技战术效果进行5级评分的方法,即根据每一拍的实际效果区分为直接得分、间接得分、过渡、间接失分和直接失分等5个等级并分别赋值2、1、0、-1、-2分。为该方法构建了技战术效果评析的数学模型,并且通过数据的概率分布特点,提出效果指数(EI)这一重要评价指标及其计算方法。应用该方法,以马龙和水谷隼在里约奥运会上的比赛为例,对两名运动员在比赛的发球、发球抢攻、接发球抢攻以及相持阶段中,各项击球技术以及技术组合的使用次数和使用效果进行分析,指出两名运动员在比赛不同阶段的技战术优势和劣势。研究表明,5级评分法提升了比赛技战术数据的量化程度,可以较完整揭示乒乓球运动员各项技战术的使用特点和效果,为运动员的针对性训练提供科学依据。

Although the method of statistics and analysis of table tennis technique/tactic has been made great progress in recent years,it still cannot meet the needs of coaches and athletes.Focus on the question about the quantitation insufficient of table tennis technique/tactic analysis which takes a player’s last stroke in each rally as the observation unit,present research puts forward a 5 grades scoring method for table tennis technique/tactic analysis,in which actual effect of every stoke was divided into direct score,indirect score,transition,indirect loss and direct loss,and assigned 2,1,0,-1,-2points respectively.In this study,a mathematical model of technical and tactical effect evaluation was constructed for this method,and through the probability distribution characteristics of the data,the effect index(EI)was proposed as an important evaluation index and its calculation method was introduced.Using this method,this study takes Ma Long(China)and Jun Mizutani(Japan)in Rio Olympic Games as an example to analyze the times and effects of the use of various striking techniques and striking combinations of the two athletes in the stages of serving,attack after serve phase,attack after receive phase and rally phase,and points out their techni⁃cal and tactical advantages and disadvantages in different stages of the competition.Results showed that 5 grades scoring method improves the quantitative de⁃gree of the technical and tactical data of the competition,reveals the characteristics and effects of various techniques and tactics used by table tennis player,which can provide scientific basis for athletes'targeted training in the future.