马克思对机器观的双重诊断及其人类解放向度

Marx’s Dual Diagnosis of the“Machinery View”and the Human Liberation Dimension

马克思的机器观与资产阶级的机器观有本质区别。马克思澄清了资本机器观的含义,即它是资本社会关系强加给现代社会的一种意识形态,是"机器造福人类、解放人类"的虚假世界观。马克思对资本机器观进行了双重诊断:一方面,就哲学性质而言,资本机器观是资本启蒙的世界观,是现代私有财产或资本运动的必然产物,体现为一种资本控制社会的新模式。这种模式以自动化模型的方式深嵌至社会领域,以意识形态形式建构起一整套世界观结构,完成了"机器-权力的互动构型论"。另一方面,资本机器观需要通过经济学加以剖析,才能真正呈现出机器本身不仅是一种物态的存在,还是负载着资本剥削合理性的特殊意识内容。马克思对机器观的双重诊断表明,机器只是人类解放的一个物质环节,因此需要超越资本才能超越资本机器观。

Marx’s machinery view is fundamentally different from that of the bourgeoisie.Marx clarified the meaning of the machinery view,stating that it is an ideology imposed on modern society by capital society relations,and is a false worldview of"machines benefiting and liberating mankind."Marx made dual diagnosis of capital machinery:First,in terms of philosophical characteristics,the machinery view is the worldview of capital enlightenment and is the essential product of modern private property and capital movement,serving as a new model of the control of society by capital.This model,in the way of an automatized model,is deeply embedded in society,and in the form of ideology,it constructs a set of worldviews and creates a"machinery-power interaction structure".Second,the capitalist machinery view needs to be analyzed through economics to demonstrate that machines are not only material existence,but also are burdened with special mental content of reasonableness of capital exploitation.With the dual diagnosis of capital machinery,Marx concluded that machines are just a material part of human liberation.Therefore,capital must be surpassed to overtake the capitalist machinery view.