宋代财政史研究的主要方法及其检讨——兼论如何构建中国古代财政史研究的学术体系

Primary Research Methodologies for the Financial History of the Song Dynasty and Reevaluation Thereof:With a Discussion of How to Establish an Academic System of Research on the Financial History of Ancient China

宋代财政史研究已取得丰富的成果,出现"收、支、管、平"、军事财政、地方财政、官民互动、GDP研究等多种方法和视角,对宋代财政作了多角度的整体研究,揭示了宋代财政史的多个面向。不同的分析框架既有其独到见解,也有其视角局限,仍可探索新的研究视角和阐释框架,补充以往研究不足,揭示宋代财政史新面向。对宋代财政史研究方法的检讨发现,可遵行以下原则推进中国古代财政史学术体系建设:对中国古代财政史具有普遍解释力;既能揭示中国古代财政史的演变轨迹,又能反映不同时期财政发展的时代特点;实现现代学科概念、方法与历史逻辑的交融统一。应以此为基础多元、深入地推进中国古代财政史学术体系和话语体系建设。

Research on the financial history of the Song Dynasty has yielded rich results,and numerous methodologies and perspectives have emerged,including"revenue,expenditure,management,balance,"military finance,local finance,government-civilian interactions and GDP research,among others.The multi-angle and holistic research on finance in the Song Dynasty has revealed multiple facets of the financial history of the Song Dynasty.While the various analytical frameworks all present unique views,they are limited in perspective.New research angles and interpretive frameworks are yet to be explored to compensate the insufficiency of past research and to uncover new facets of the financial history of the Song Dynasty.Through the reevaluation of the research methodologies,we identify the basic principles to be followed when establishing an academic system for the financial history of ancient China:the universal explanatory power over the financial history in ancient China;the ability to uncover the evolutionary trajectory of the financial history of ancient China and to capture the characteristics of different periods and their financial development;and the unity and fusion of concepts and methodologies of modern disciplines and historical logic.It is on this basis,and with diverse and in-depth development,that an academic system and a discourse system are to be established for the financial history of ancient China.