出口强度、资源错配与产品质量

Resource Misallocation,Export Intensity and Product Quality

产品质量水平是一国经济发展水平的重要标志。立足中国存在资源错配的现实基础,可从企业内部产品层面分析出口强度增大过程中产品结构和出口目的地结构调整对产品质量的影响机理。基于2000—2007年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库匹配数据的实证检验表明,出口强度增大会抑制其产品质量提升,特别是对一般贸易、出口到中等收入国家的产品质量的抑制作用更大;基于2000—2011年数据的结果依然稳健。进一步的计量检验验证了资源错配会强化出口强度对产品质量的抑制效应;同时,出口强度增大会进一步加重企业资源错配,进而抑制产品质量提升。可见,提升资源配置效率是促进产品质量升级的关键,为此,需要促进资源在区域间、行业间、行业内企业间、企业内产品间的有效流动。

Based on the reality of resource misallocation in China,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of export intensity on product quality from the firm’s level of internal products.Empirical tests based on the matching data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and the China Customs Database from 2000 to 2007 indicate that the increase of Chinese enterprises’export intensity inhibited the improvement of their product quality,and that for enterprises engaged in general trade and exporting to middle-income countries,the negative effect of export intensity was greater.The results using the data from 2000 to 2011 are also robust.Further metrological tests verified that resource misallocation would enhance the inhibiting effect of export intensity on product quality.At the same time,the increase of export intensity would further aggravate the resources misallocation of enterprise and thereby inhibit the improvement of product quality.It can be concluded that improving the efficiency of resource allocation is the key to promoting the upgrading of product quality.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the effective flow of resources between regions,industries,enterprises within the same industry,and products within the same enterprise.