幼儿对并发冲突愿望的理解——来自传统实验和眼动实验的证据

Children’s Understanding of Concurrent Conflicting Desire—Evidence from Traditional Experiment and Eye Movement Experiment

将传统研究方法与眼动技术结合,探讨4—5岁幼儿对并发冲突愿望的理解情况。给幼儿描述一个并发冲突愿望故事,并在电脑屏幕上依次呈现与故事情境一致的图片,然后提问,让幼儿口头回答,同时记录幼儿在理解故事时的眼动特点。结果发现:(1)4—5岁幼儿开始能够初步理解并发冲突愿望,其理解能力随着年龄的增长而增长;(2)对并发冲突愿望有不同理解水平的幼儿对目标物的注视次数及总注视时间之间存在显著差异,具体表现在高理解水平的幼儿对目标物的注视时间以及注视次数高于低理解水平的幼儿;(3)4—5岁幼儿能对他人行为做出预期判断,且存在显著的年龄差异,预期判断的结果与眼动注视情况有关。本研究的结论是:4—5岁幼儿能理解并发冲突愿望,其眼动特点可对理解水平做出一定解释。

This study combines the traditional research method and eye movement technology to explore 4-5-year-old children’s understanding of concurrent conflicting desire. In the experiment,at first a story about concurrent conflicting desire was told to young children while some pictures matching the story situation were presented on the computer screen in turn,and then some questions were verbally answered by them. Meanwhile,the children’s eye movements were recorded when they understood the story. The results show that: first,4-5-year-old children can have a basic understanding of the concurrent conflicting desire,and their comprehension ability increases with age;second,in terms of the times and time period of fixation at the target object,there is a significant difference among the children with different understanding levels of concurrent conflicting desire,that is,the children with high understanding level have longer time and more times than those with low understanding level;third,4-5-year-old children can make a judgment about other people’s behaviors,but there is a significant age difference. The result of the judgment is related to the eye movement and fixation conditions. The study finds that 4-5-year-old children can understand concurrent conflicting desire and their eye movement characteristics can explain the understanding level to a certain extent.