新冠肺炎疫情期间疾控人员工作状况及情绪耗竭的影响因素分析

Analysis of working conditions and correlated factors of emotional exhaustion among CDC staff during COVID-19 epidemic

目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)期间疾病预防控制中心(CDC)人员的工作状况及职业情绪耗竭影响因素,为保障CDC人员的身心健康提供参考.方法:于2020年2月26日~3月8日期间,采用便利抽样和滚雪球抽样,线上调查我国各级共403名CDC人员在COVID-19期间的工作状况及心理情况.结果:疫情期间CDC人员承担多项重要的工作,如流行病学调查、资料整理、科普宣传及实验室检测等,76.9%(310/403)的工作人员每天工作时长>8 h,职业情绪耗竭检出率为44.7%(180/403).与非流行病学调查员相比,流行病学调查员接触确诊患者、疑似病例、密切接触者、检测标本的比例(χ^2分别为31.496、57.489、69.416、48.255)和上级追责压力(χ^2=7.195)、超负荷工作压力(χ^2=23.707)、日均工作时长(t=-8.601)及职业情绪耗竭程度(t=-2.816)均较大(P<0.05).多重线性回归分析显示:在总人群中,与一般职员相比,中层干部和领导人员(β分别为1.609、3.892,P<0.05)的职业情绪耗竭程度较高;日均工作时间越长(β=0.179,P=0.006)、越担心被感染COVID-19(β=0.406,P<0.001),职业情绪耗竭越严重;职业自我概念越高(β=-0.152,P<0.001)、组织支持感越高(β=-0.149,P=0.006),职业情绪耗竭程度越低.在流行病学调查员中,接触检测标本的人员(β=2.197,P=0.003)职业情绪耗竭程度较高;工龄越长(β=-0.105,P=0.017),职业情绪耗竭程度越低.结论:CDC人员在抗疫期间大多超负荷工作,建议扩大疾病预防控制体系人才队伍从而减轻他们的工作负担、提高组织支持力度和CDC人员对自身职业价值的认同感、降低担心被感染COVID-19的焦虑程度,从多方面降低CDC人员的职业情绪耗竭.

Objective:To analyze the occupational condition as well as potential correlated factors of emotional exhaustion of the Center of Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)staff during the pandemic of COVID-19 as a reference of maintaining their physical and mental health.Methods:Convenience sampling and snowball sampling were used to conduct an online survey of 403 Chinese CDC staff at all levels on their work status and psychological status during COVID-19 from February 26 to March 8,2020.Results:CDC staff undertook a number of important tasks during the pandemic,such as epidemiological investigation,data collation,scientific information educating,and laboratory testing,etc.Among the CDC staff,76.9%(310/403)of the staff worked>8 h per day,and the detection rate of occupational emotional exhaustion was 44.7%(180/403).Compared to the non-epidemiological investigators,epidemiological investigators confirmed higher chance of contacting with patients,suspected cases,people in close contacts,test specimens(χ^2=31.496,57.489,69.416,48.255),and the superior accountability pressure(χ^2=7.195),overload pressure(χ^2=23.707),daily working hours(t=-8.601)and the professional degree of emotional exhaustion(t=-2.816)are also larger(P<0.05).The regression analysis showed that,in general population,compared with the general staff,the middle-level cadres and leaders(β=1.609,3.892,P<0.05)had a higher degree of occupational emotional exhaustion.The longer the daily working hours(β=0.179,P=0.006)the more worried they were about COVID-19(β=0.406,P<0.001),and the more severe the occupational emotional exhaustion was.Higher occupational self-concept(β=-0.152,P<0.001)and the sense of organizational support(β=-0.149,P=0.006)will have lower degree of occupational emotional exhaustion.Among the epidemiologic investigators,those who exposed to the specimens(β=2.197,P=0.003)had higher level of occupational emotional exhaustion.The longer the length of service(β=-0.105,P=0.017),the lower the degree of occupational emotional exhaustion was.Conclusion:CDC staff were overworked during the fighting with COVID-19.We suggested to expand the talent team of the disease prevention and control system,reduce work burden,improve organizational support and CDC staff’s identification with their professional value and reduce anxiety about COVID-19 infection,so as to reduce occupational emotional exhaustion of CDC staff in many ways.