逻辑规则何以能够作为立法质量的评价标准——法律与逻辑的内在关系

The Internal Relationship Between Law and Logic——How Can Logical Rules Be Used As the Evaluation Standard of Legislative Quality

逻辑规则、语言规则之所以能够作为评价法律法规立法质量的基本标准,这是由法律与语言、逻辑之间具有内容与形式的关系所决定的:法律规范命题是以自然语言的形式表达出来的,自然语言是法律规范命题的外在表达形式,逻辑语言是法律规范命题的内在表达方式。法律概念外延间的逻辑关系、价值关系决定了法律规范命题的量词、连接词、道义规范词以及标点符号的不同形式,正是这些不同的量词、连接词、道义规范词以及标点符号才将不同法律概念连接成为了不同的法律规则、法律原则,最终构成了一个完整的法律规范体系。只有符合逻辑规则、语法规则的法律规范命题才能正确表达法律自身的内在规律。反之,如果法律规范命题中出现了逻辑错误或语法错误,这说明该法律规范命题很可能没有正确反映法律自身的内在规律。所以运用语言规则、逻辑规则对法律规范命题进行分析评价的过程就是发现逻辑错误的过程,修改这些逻辑错误或语法错误的过程就是提高立法质量的过程。该文认为"合规律—合规则""无矛盾""准确"和"简洁"是对立法质量进行评价的逻辑—语言标准。

The reason why the logic rules and linguistic rules can be used as basic standards to evaluate the quality of legislation is determined by the fact that law,language and logic have a relationship in terms of content and form:the legal norm propositions are expressed in the form of natural language,natural language is the external expression of the legal norm propositions;and logic language is the internal expression of the legal norm propositions.The logic and value relationships between the denotations of legal concepts determine the different forms of classifiers,conjunctions,deontic norm words and punctuation marks of legal norm propositions,and it is these different classifiers,conjunctions,deontic norm words and punctuation marks that connect different legal concepts into different legal rules and legal principles,and ultimately form a complete system of legal norms.Only the legal norm propositions that conform to logic rules and grammatical rules can express the inherent rules in law correctly.Conversely,if there are logic errors or grammatical errors in the legal norm propositions,it means that the legal norm propositions are likely not to reflect the inherent rules in law correctly.Hence,the process of using linguistic rules and logic rules to analyze and evaluate the legal norm propositions is the process of discovering the logic errors,and the process of correcting these logic errors or grammatical errors is the process of enhancing the quality of legislation.This thesis argues that"conformity with regularities-conformity with rules","no contradiction","accuracy"and"conciseness"are the logic-linguistic standards to evaluate the quality of legislation.