新森林法背景下环境行政公益诉讼制度检视与理性进路

Review and Rational Approach of Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation System under the New Forest Law

新森林法修订与实施,将为环境行政公益诉讼制度的推动带来新契机。选择环境公益诉讼制度中的行政公益诉讼制度,从其范畴、制度构建必要性和法律实践角度进行阐述,并选取适合样本进行分析,研究发现该诉讼制度推进进程中,面临法律适用性不够、制度设计不足、司法权与行政权间的冲突等制约因素。因此,有针对性地从4个方面提出完善环境行政公益诉讼制度的路径选择:1)加强扩大诉讼主体范围、建立激励机制以及明确举证责任分配机制的配套法律法规制度供给;2)在推进诉前程序适度司法化、建立公益损害评估机制等方面进一步完善诉讼程序;3)加强司法权与行政权的界限厘清,促进法治思维培养和依法行政;4)针对“后疫情时代”野生动物保护的相关行政公益诉讼应给予拓展,切实保护和珍爱野生动物。通过对环境行政公益诉讼制度实施过程的制度检视及理性进路重点分析,以期促进对森林、野生生物资源等生态环境的保护和效果实现,并可为今后开展相关研究提供一定参考。

The revision and implementation of China′s new forest law will bring new opportunities for the promotion of the environmental administrative public interest litigation system.This study chooses the administrative public interest litigation system of the environmental public interest litigation system,explains the necessity and legal practice of its category and system construction,and selects suitable samples for analysis.It finds that in the process of promoting the litigation system,there are many restrictive factors,such as insufficient applicability of law,inadequate system design,and conflicts between judicial power and administrative power.Therefore,this paper puts forward four ways to improve the environmental administrative public interest litigation system:First,it is expected to expand the scope of litigants,establish incentive mechanism,clarify the distribution mechanism of burden of proof and other supporting laws and regulations;second,we should further improve the litigation procedure in the aspects of promoting the appropriate judicature of pre-litigation procedure and establishing the evaluation mechanism for public welfare damage;third,we should clarify the boundary between judicial power and administrative power,and promote the cultivation of legal thinking and administration according to law;fourth,the administrative public interest litigation of wildlife protection in the postera of the COVID-19 pandemic should be expanded to protect and cherish wildlife.Through the system inspection and rational path analysis of the implementation of the environmental administrative public interest litigation system,the study aims to promote the protection of forest,wildlife and other ecological resources,as well as provide certain reference for future related research.