施氮量、种植密度、留叶数对烤烟农艺性状及产质量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate,Planting Density and Remained Leaf Number on Agronomic Characters,Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

为了探索适宜清镇烟区烤烟的最佳栽培技术,采用L9(34)正交试验研究了施氮量、种植密度、留叶数对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状和化学品质的影响。结果表明:当施氮量为90~120 kg/hm2、种植密度为13890~18195株/hm2,留叶数为16~20片/株时,各因素对产量的影响排序为施氮量>种植密度>留叶数;种植密度对最大叶长、最大叶宽和最大叶面积有着显著影响,随着种植密度的增大,各项农艺性状呈下降趋势;施氮量对烤烟的经济性状有着显著的影响,在105 kg/hm2的中等施氮水平下,烤烟的产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例均最高,且烤烟化学成分处于最佳状态。综合来看,在清镇烟区,施氮量、种植密度、留叶数的不同组合显著影响烤烟的经济性状,以105 kg/hm2的施氮水平+16680株/hm2的种植密度+20片/株的留叶数处理组合最有利于产量、产值的形成,均价和上等烟比例达到较佳水平,建议在生产中进行示范应用和推广。

In order to find out the best cultivation technology of flue-cured tobacco in Qingzhen tobacco growing area,the effects of nitrogen application rate,planting density and remained leaf number on agronomic,economic and chemical characters and quality of fluecured tobacco were studied by L9(34)orthogonal design.The results showed that:when the nitrogen application rate was 90~120 kg/hm2,the planting density was 13890~18195 plants/hm2,and the number of leaves remained was 16~20 leaves/plant,the order of the influence factors on yield was nitrogen application rate>planting density>remained leaf number;planting density had significant effects on the maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area,with the increase of planting density,the agronomic traits decreased;the amount of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco,under the medium nitrogen level of 105 kg/hm2,the yield,output value,average price and proportion of superior tobacco were the highest,and the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were in the best state.In a word,in Qingzhen tobacco growing area,different combinations of nitrogen application rate,planting density and number of remained leaves significantly affected the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco.The combination of 105 kg/hm2 nitrogen application level+16680 plants/hm2 planting density+20 leaves/plant remained leaves was the most favorable treatment for yield,output value,average price and the proportion of superior tobacco reaching a better level,which is recommended to be carried out in production.