从科研的社会影响评价到服务导向的一流学科建设——发达国家地区科研评价改革趋势对我国一流学科建设的启示

From the Social Impact Evaluation of Scientific Research to the Construction of Service-oriented First-class Disciplines--The Enlightenment of the Scientific Research Evaluation Reform in Developed Countries and Regions to the Construction of China’s First-class Disciplines

21世纪以来,发达国家地区相继进行科研评价改革,共同趋势是从过去仅仅评价科研在学术共同体内的学术影响拓展到评价其在经济社会发展中的社会影响。科研评价对社会影响的重视,在本质上是反映了当前知识和经济双重转型的背景。一流学科建设在逻辑上是以科学研究为基础的,科研评价对社会影响的重视也要求一流学科建设要重视学科的社会影响。走向注重社会影响的一流学科建设,要求学科建设理念从注重学术水平走向关注服务能力;学术观要从传统单一的学术观走向多元学术观;学科内涵要从传统学术化的二级学科走向应用问题导向的学科方向;学科评价要从纯学术水平评价拓展到社会影响评价;学科建设管理上要从完全学术自由的学科建设走向有组织的学科建设。

Since the new century,the developed countries and regions have carried out scientific research evaluation reform one after another.The common trend is to expand from merely evaluating the academic influence of research in the academic community to evaluating its social impact on economic and social development.In essence,the emphasis on social influence of scientific research evaluation reflects the background of the dual transformation of knowledge and economy.First-class discipline construction is logically based on scientific research,and the emphasis on social impact of scientific research evaluation also requires that the construction of first-class disciplines should pay attention to the social impact of disciplines.The construction of first-class disciplines with emphasis on social impact requires that the concept of discipline construction should move from focusing on academic performance level to focusing on service ability,the academic view should move from the traditional single academic view to the multi-academic view,the subject connotation should move from the traditional second-level subjects to applied problem-oriented discipline direction,the content of subject evaluation should be expanded from pure academic performance level to social impact,and the discipline construction management should move from the construction with complete academic freedom to organized discipline construction.