当代文论变革发展的演进逻辑及其理论反思

The Progressive Logic of Contemporary Literary Theory and Its Theoretical Reflection

从学术史角度看,当代文论变革发展及其演进逻辑并不是简单的直线性推进,而是颇为复杂的螺旋型循环演进,具体而言构成了三轮即三个阶段的破、引、建交织互动的变革发展。当代文论的外在发展轨迹与內在演进逻辑,从表层结构方面看,与处于历史大变局中的社会文化结构有关,也与近百年来中国现当代文论的变革发展相呼应;从深层结构方面看,反映了文学研究內与外关系维度上的辩证运动和演进逻辑。一是凸显了“文学论”的关系维度,关涉对文学特性与功能的理解以及文学內部规律与外部规律的认识;二是凸显了文论资源的內外关系维度,关涉內承传统与外引资源之间的关系问题。对当代文论变革发展的理论反思,关涉破、引、建三个方面的目标指向和所要解决的主要问题,其中的经验教训值得我们认真总结。

From the perspective of history of scholarship,contemporary literary theory does not transform or develop in a simple linear fashion,but rather evolves in a more complex spiral cycle,which specifically constitutes three rounds of transformation and development,namely,the three reciprocal stages of breaking established traditions,introducing foreign theoretical resources,and constructing new critical ideas and forms.The external track of development and internal logic of progress of contemporary literary theory are,on the surface,related to the social and cultural structure in the context of grand historical changes,and echoes the developments of modern Chinese literary theory in the past century.Viewed from its core,the development of contemporary literary theory reveals the dialectical relationship and progressive logic of the internal and the external in literary studies.First,it foregrounds the relational dimension of“literary theory,”which involves the understanding of literary characteristics and functions,as well as the understanding of the internal and external laws of literature.Second,such development highlights the relational dimension of internal and external literary theory resources,that is,the relation between the inheritance of internal traditions and the reception of external resources.Theoretical reflections upon the reform and development of contemporary literary theory engage studies of the goals and major inquiries during the three stages,the experience and lessons of which are worth exploring.