生生之道、“第三性”与再造“文学乡土”的方法——以阎连科《她们》为中心

The Way of Life,“The Third Sex”,and the Method of Reconstructing“Literary Native Soil”:Centering on Yan Lianke's They,the Women

生生之道、以“第三性”为核心的阎氏女性论、以非虚构作为方法的乡土中国想象,是理解阎连科《她们》的三个关键词,分别对应着作品内容、作家思想和文体创造三个层面。这三个层面紧紧缠绕在一起,共同围绕一个问题展开,即如何理解和想象当代乡土中国。《她们》中众多的人物及其故事,通过作者的具有强烈主体性的语言、思想以及在历史和虚构之间滑动的笔法编织到一起的时候,建构出了一套“关系网”。从追求文体独创性的角度来看,《她们》的核心甚至不在于记录女性、再现时代,而在于通过一套作家想象出来的“结构”,来引导我们如何与当代乡土女性一起共同思考,如何去跟乡土社会“共情”。

There are three key points for the understanding Yan Lianke's non-fictive work They,the Women:the way of life,the study of women centering on“the third sex”and the imagination of native-soil China with non-fiction as the method.They respectively correspond to three dimensions of the work:the content,the author's thought,and the creation of literary style.These three dimensions are closely intertwined and focus on one issue:how to understand and imagine contemporary native-soil China.The numerous characters and their stories in They,the Women are woven together by the author's language and thought with strong subjectivity,and the writing style switches between history and fiction,which constructs a set of“relationship network”.From the perspective of pursuing the originality of literary style,the focus of They,the Women goes beyond recording women and representing the time;the work,instead,guides us to think with contemporary native-soil women and to empathize with native-soil society through a set of“structures”imagined by the author.