转换生成:文学言说的动力机制——“耶鲁学派”语言诗学管窥之二

Transformational-generation:Dynamic Mechanism of Literary Speech(On the Language Poetics of the“Yale School,”PartⅡ)

耶鲁学派的语言论思想主要包含三个方面的内容:一、对语言三维(所指性之维、间性之维和自反关涉之维)的直观;二、揭示了文学言说的转换生成机制;三、对说不可说的原初悖论作出了新的裁决。三个方面的内容是个有机的整体,分而论之,难免有所割裂。就语言三维的转换生成而言,概括地说,它主要指这样一种隐秘的机制:从能指所指关系的确立到指称的丧失,从主体间性维度的建立到该维度的瓦解和重建,从自反关涉的语言游戏到能指所指关系的回归。耶鲁学派的“转换生成”论不只深刻地揭示了(文学)言说的内在奥秘,而且具有如下思想史的意义:一、为现代修辞学的“转换生成”论提供了更本源的理论基础;二、为文学史乃至一般历史的差异错置的生成机制提供了直接的理论依据;三、为裁决“普遍永恒的真理世界与变化无常的现实世界的鸿沟”这一古老的形而上学疑难提供了一种隐蔽的方案和路径。

The linguistic thought of the“Yale School”mainly includes three aspects:(1)the intuition about three dimensions of language(the signified dimension,the inter-dimension,and the self-reflective and referred dimension),(2)the revelation of the transformational-generative mechanism of literary speech,and(3)the new verdict on the primal paradox of the unspeakable.The contents of these three aspects form an organic whole,which cannot be discussed separately.In general,the transformational-generation of the three dimensions of language refers to a mysterious mechanism:from the establishment of the signifier-signified relationship to the loss of reference,from the establishment of the inter-subjective dimension to its dismantlement and reconstruction,and from the linguistic play of self-reflection to the return of the signifier-signified relationship.The transformational-generative theory of the“Yale School”not only reveals the inner mystery of(literary)speech,but also possesses the significance in the history of thought as follows:Firstly,it offers a more primary theoretical basis for the“transformation-generation”of modern rhetoric.Secondly,it provides a direct theoretic foundation for the generative mechanism of difference and dislocation in literary history or even history at large.Finally,it supplies a concealed scheme and approach to give verdict on the ancient metaphysical aporia of“the gap between the universal and perpetual world of truth and the ever-changing world of reality.”