晚清变局中的“类桃源”现象及其诗歌书写

A Study of the Phenomenon of the Quasi-Peach Blossom Spring and the Poetry in the Late-Qing Dynasty

陶渊明笔下的桃花源因其塑造的理想世界之境,自萧梁时即成为一固定意象。自唐至宋,人们对桃花源的接受主要体现在桃源的虚、实两个方面。迨至晚清,人们在探讨桃源虚实基础上,因时代的风云际会尤其是在太平天国与清政府对垒局势下,渐多“类桃源”之地的记载和诗意书写。诗人因兵燹而有桃源之思,亦因战乱而知桃源之不可恃,这一情感结构形成了晚清诗人的出处观。晚清变局中对桃花源的书写,既展现出陶渊明所塑造的桃源意象的生命力,显示出传统士人在战乱之际求自怡安适的深层心理,同时也表现出一种调适自我的智慧。

The image of“The Peach Blossom Spring”created by Tao Yuanming(365?427)became a motif since the Liang dynasty in Chinese ancient literature.The reception of the Peach Blossom Spring had shown two dimensions of the nothingness and the concreteness during the Tang and Song dynasties.However,toward the late Qing dynasty,the gradual appearance of quasi-Peach Blossom Springs and the poeticization of them,perhaps due to the social turmoil,especially brought by the Taiping Civil War.The understanding of the unrealistic vision of the Peach Blossom Spring and the wish for it during the turmoil constructed the mindset of late Qing-dynasty poets by which they wavered between withdrawal from the society and stand-up to serve the society.The poetical writing of the Peach Blossom Spring in the late Qing dynasty shows the vitality of Tao Yuanming's the image,which,when resorted to during social turmoil,also displays as the traditional Confucian scholars psychological adjustment and worldly wisdom to cope with the chaos.