内蒙古河套灌区节水灌溉与水肥高效利用研究展望

Water-Saving Irrigation and Utilization Efficiency of Water and Fertilizer in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia: Prospect for Future Research

水资源短缺、土壤盐渍化及肥料利用率低是制约内蒙古河套灌区农业可持续发展的三大主要因素。随着灌区节水工程的实施和黄河水利委员会对灌区引水量的限制,引黄水量大幅度减少,河套灌区的水资源合理配置、灌溉方式、水肥运筹模式及灌区生态环境发生较大变化。灌区受水资源限制和水肥管理需要的现代灌区建设中面临许多新的问题,迫切需要理论支撑。该文从河套灌区农业耗水研究、高效节水灌溉理论、节水控盐灌溉制度和节水对作物品质影响、盐渍化灌区水氮耦合与有机无机肥耦合机制等几个方面总结了河套灌区2000—2020年的研究成果,并提出了在未来的研究中,应加强基于灌区生态安全的高效节水灌溉技术的应用,优化灌溉制度及作物品质提升的研究、土壤碳氮循环和氮素矿化研究及现代化技术的应用。

Water resource scarcity, soil salinization and low use efficiency of water and fertilizer are a hat-trick of challenges facing development of sustainable agriculture in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia.With water-saving projects being constructed and the restriction on water use by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission implemented, the amount of water available for diversion from the Yellow river to the district has been in decline continuously over the past few decades.As such, water resource allocation, irrigation and fertilization method and amount, as well as ecological environment in the district have all changed markedly.Resolving the problems facing modernly reconstructing the irrigation district needs breaking-ground research in many areas.We summarize in this paper the research results in this district over the past two decades in areas including agricultural water consumption, theory in efficient water-saving irrigation, water-saving irrigation system, control and mitigation of soil salinization, effect of water-saving on crop quality, impact of water-nitrogen coupling, the mechanisms involved in organic-inorganic fertilizer coupling in maintaining and improving crop productivity in the salinized irrigation area.We conclude that, to maintain ecological security and sustainability of the irrigation district, research in areas including efficient water-saving irrigation, improving irrigation systems and crop quality, increasing soil carbon sequestration and nitrogen cycling, nitrogen mineralization and application of modern technology should be strengthened.