不同水氮供应模式对设施番茄生长及产量的影响

The Effects of Different Water-nitrogen Couplings on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

【目的】探索合理的设施番茄水肥一体化滴灌系统模式和设计方法。【方法】以设施番茄为研究对象,通过设置滴灌毛管布置方式(T1(1管1行)、T2(1管2行)、T3(1管3行))、灌水量(W1(50%ET0)、W2(70%ET0)、W3(90%ET0))和施氮量(N1(120 kg/hm2)、N2(180 kg/hm2)、N3(240 kg/hm2))3因素3水平试验,研究了番茄生长发育及产量指标对水氮供应的响应。【结果】灌水量和施氮量对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、光合作用、叶绿素量及产量均有显著影响。植株株高、茎粗、光合作用和产量随灌水量和施氮量的增加而增加,但在生育后期N2水平株高和茎粗最大,灌水因素对株高、茎粗和产量的影响大于施氮因素;各处理叶面积指数最大差异出现在结果初期,最大值(T1 W2N2处理)最小值(T3 W2N1处理)相差2.57;影响叶片叶绿素量的施氮因素大于灌水因素,中水(W2)、中肥(N2)叶绿素SPAD值最高,在结果初期达66.2;不同滴灌毛管布置方式影响最小,均无极显著差异。【结论】适宜的灌水量和施氮量不仅有利于番茄的生长,还能获得较高产量。毛管布置方式为T2(1管2行)、灌水量W2(70%ET0)、施氮量N3(N 240 kg/hm2),其番茄植株生长发育最好,经济产量最高(107 104.0 kg/hm2)。

【Background】Tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and is often grown in greenhouse to bridge the seasonal production gap.Drip fertigation is commonly used in greenhouse tomato production as it not only saves water and fertilizer but could also improve tomato yield and quality.【Objective】The objective of this paper is to experimentally explore the drip fertigation system most suitable for greenhouse tomato production.【Method】 The experiment of drip fertigation was carried out in a dry-land greenhouse and considered three factors: layout of the drip pipeline, irrigation and nitrogen application.We compared three pipeline layouts: one lateral line for each row(T1), one lateral line between two rows(T2), one lateral line between three rows(T3);three irrigation levels: 50% ET0(W1), 70% ET0(W2) and 90% ET0(W3);and three nitrogen levels: 20 kg/hm2(N1), 180 kg/hm2(N2) and 240 kg/hm2(N3).【Result】Both irrigation and fertilization affected plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and yield.Plant height, stem diameter, photosynthesis and yield increased with both irrigation amount and nitrogen application, especially the former two under N2 at later growth stage.Irrigation impacted plant height, stem diameter and fruit yield more than the nitrogen did, and the maximum difference in leaf area index between the treatment was at the beginning of the fruiting stage, with the difference between the maximum in T1+W2+N2 and the minimum in T3+W2+N1 being 2.57.In contrast, nitrogen application affected the chlorophyll content more than the irrigation did, with the SPAD of chlorophyll in W2 and N2 being the highest(66.2) at the beginning of the fruiting stage.The impact of the layouts of pipeline was least, and no significant difference was found between the three layouts.【Conclusion】 Optimally coupling irrigation and nitrogen application not only promoted tomato growth, but also improved the yield.For our experiments, the optimal drip fertigation was one lateral pipeline between two plant rows, irrigating 70% of ET0 and fertilizing 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen, which gave the highest yield 107 104.0 kg/hm2.