品种搭配对湖北省玉米–晚稻复种产量及资源效率的影响

Effects of varieties collocation between crop seasons on the yield and resource use efficiency of maize–late rice cropping in Hubei province

玉米–晚稻复种(M–R)能协同口粮与饲料用量生产,近年来开始在长江中游地区发展,其周年丰产高效技术还有待系统研究与完善,而合理的前后季品种搭配是发挥玉–稻产量潜力的重要基础。因此,本研究选取不同的玉米与晚稻品种,于2015年与2017年在湖北省不同区域观测了不同品种搭配模式产量表现与资源利用效率。结果表明,不同热量条件下品种搭配模式对M–R周年产量与资源生产效率影响显著。积温较多时以中熟玉米搭配晚籼稻品种周年产量与光、热、水资源效率具有明显优势;反之则以早熟玉米品种搭配晚籼稻产量与资源生产效率较高。各品种搭配模式对周年有效积温(GDD_(≥10°C))的利用率可达95.6%~100.0%,且前后季积温分配比值(TR)与M–R周年相对产量呈显著的非线性关系;当GDD_(≥10°C)利用率为97.0%~98.5%且TR为1.06~1.08时, M–R可获得较高的周年产量。因此,可依据当地的热量资源条件及合理TR比值,进行玉米、晚稻品种选择搭配。据此,湖北省南部积温较高的区域宜选择生育期125d以内的高产玉米品种与全生育期140d以内的晚稻品种进行搭配;而在积温相对偏少的中北部区域,宜选择生育期120 d以内的高产玉米品种与全生育期130 d以内的晚稻品种进行搭配。

Maize-late rice cropping(M–R)is considered to coordinate the production of food and feed crop.In recent years,M–R has begun to develop in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.However,technologies have not been systematically studied and improved for its higher yield and higher resources use efficiency.Especially,a reasonable collocation of varieties between maize and late rice seasons is an important basis to realize the yield potential of M–R,and still is under evaluation.In this study,different maize and late rice varieties were selected and collocated to different M–R modes.Their yield performance and use efficiency of resources were detected in different regions of Hubei province in 2015 and 2017.The results showed that under different heat conditions,the varieties collocation modes had significant effects on the annual yield of M–R and the production efficiency of resources.The modes of medium maturity maize-late indica rice cropping had obviously higher annual yield and resource production efficiency under higher accumulated temperature(GDD≥10°C);on the contrary,the annual yield and resource production efficiency of the modes of early maturity maize-late indica rice cropping were higher under lower GDD≥10°C.The utilization percentage of the annual effective GDD≥10°C of each varieties combination mode could reach 95.6%–100.0%,and the distribution ratio of GDD≥10°c between previous and subsequent season(TR)had a significant non-linear relationship with the relative annual yield of M–R.When the utilization percentage of GDD≥10°C was 97.0%–98.5%and TR was 1.06–1.08,M–R could obtain highest annual yield.Therefore,suitable varieties of maize and late rice could be selected according to the local heat resource and reasonable TR.In summary,high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 125 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 140 days should be selected for the southern regions with higher GDD≥10°C,while high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 120 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 130 days should be selected for the middle and northern regions with relatively lower GDD≥10°C in Hubei province.