腐殖酸尿素对土壤供氮特征及东北玉米生长、产量的影响

Effects of Humic Acid Urea on Soil Nitrogen Supply Characteristics,Growth and Yield of Northeast Maize

采用田间小区试验方法,设置添加不同腐殖酸量的腐殖酸尿素(1~5型腐殖酸尿素,其对应腐殖酸含量分别为1%~5%),研究其对土壤供氮特征及东北玉米生长、产量的影响。研究结果表明:施用腐殖酸尿素有利于叶片氮素积累,增强光合作用能力,提高产量,3型腐殖酸尿素处理产量最高,达13620.84kg·hm^-2,与普通尿素相比增产37.05%,3型腐殖酸尿素减量10%的产量显著高于普通尿素,提高1764.86kg·hm^-2。腐殖酸尿素显著提高了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量,与普通尿素相比分别提高3.75~7.56mg·kg^-1和8.39~15.76mg·kg^-1;土壤有效磷、速效钾含量显著低于普通尿素,表明施用腐殖酸尿素能够促进植株对养分的吸收。施用腐殖酸尿素显著提高了氮肥表观利用率,减量施用3型腐殖酸尿素处理氮肥表观利用率最高,与普通尿素相比提高27.91%;H3型腐殖酸尿素处理氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产率最高,与普通尿素相比分别高出169.42%和37.07%;腐殖酸尿素处理与普通尿素相比氮肥表观利用率提高范围为15.80%~27.91%;腐殖酸尿素各处理的氮肥表观损失率比普通尿素降低28.86%~49.65%。3型腐殖酸尿素处理氮肥表观损失率为6.26%,显著低于其他处理。综上,在东北玉米种植中施用腐殖酸尿素有利于提高土壤供氮能力、促进玉米生长、增加产量,并且显著降低氮肥表观损失,5种腐殖酸尿素中3型腐殖酸尿素在东北玉米种植中效果最佳。

Field trials were used to treat different types of humic acid urea(1-5 type humic acid urea,corresponding to humic acid content of 1%-5%),and study different humic acid urea to soil nitrogen supply characteristics and effects of maize growth and yield in Northeast China.The results showed that the application of humic acid urea was beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen in leaves,enhanced photosynthesis ability and increased yield.The yield of type 3 humic acid urea was the highest,reaching 13620.84kg·hm^-2,which increased yield compared with conventional urea.The yield of 10%reduction of type 3 humic acid urea was significantly higher than that of UREA,which was 1764.86kg·hm^-2.Humic acid urea significantly increased the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in soil,which was increased by 3.75-7.56mg·kg^-1 and 8.39-15.76mg·kg^-1 respectively.The available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were significant below UREA,it indicated that the application of humic acid urea can promote the absorption of nutrients by plants.The application of humic acid urea significantly increased the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.The apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest in RH3 treatment,which was 27.91%higher than UREA.The agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of type 3 treatment were the highest,which was higher than that of UREA.169.42%and 37.07%respectively;the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in humic acid urea treatment was 15.80%-27.91%compared with UREA;the apparent loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer in humic acid urea treatment was 28.86%-49.65%lower than UREA.The apparent loss rate of H3 treatment of nitrogen fertilizer was 6.26%,which was significantly lower than other treatments.In summary,the application of humic acid urea in northeast maize planting is conducive to improving soil nitrogen supply capacity,promoting maize growth,increasing yield and significantly reducing the apparent loss of nitrogen fertilizer.Type 3 humic acid urea has the best effect on northeast maize planting.