蔬菜移栽机自动喂苗装置关键部件设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Automatic Feeding-seedling Device of Vegetable Transplanter

移栽是蔬菜生产的关键环节,采用机械移栽替代人工会大大减轻作业强度,提高作业效率。但目前适用于我国实际蔬菜移栽生产作业的多数机型为半自动机型,喂苗环节需要人工完成,人工投喂苗频率极大限制了移栽机工作效率且长期连续作业很难保证喂苗不遗漏,导致漏栽率高。因此,实现机器代替人工喂苗,减少移栽作业用工,全面提升移栽机械化水平已成为解决蔬菜生产全程机械化的当务之急。为此,设计了一种蔬菜移栽机自动喂苗装置,以期实现蔬菜苗无人喂苗全自动移栽作业。考虑到移栽机作业环境条件的制约并为远程操作提供方便,该自动喂苗装置使用体积较小、安装方便的锂电池作为唯一动力源,装置主要由喂苗臂、喂苗爪、喂苗臂水平和垂直传动部件以及控制部分组成,可实现128穴蔬菜穴盘苗逐排依次抓取并按一定的次序和时间要求连续喂入到对应移栽机投苗杯中。在试制出样机后,喂苗成功率以穴盘苗基质含水率、苗龄以及喂苗爪入土角度为因素,进行了喂苗装置试验研究。试验结果表明:穴盘苗基质含水率及喂苗爪入土角度对喂苗成功率影响较为明显。当穴盘苗基质含水率为45%,喂苗爪入土角度为10°时,喂苗成功率为92.3%。该试验结果表明自动喂苗装置作业性能符合实际生产要求。

Transplanting is a key link in vegetable production.Using mechanical transplanter to replace labor will greatly reduce the work intensity and improve work efficiency.However,most of the commercialized transplanters in China are semi-automatic types since the seedling feeding process needs to be completed manually.The frequency of manual seedling feeding greatly limits the efficiency of the transplanter and it is difficult to guarantee the seedling feeding for long-term continuous operation,which leads to a high rate of missed planting.Therefore,it has become an urgent task to improve the level of transplanting mechanization and reduce the labor of transplanting operations by realizing the replacement of artificial seedlings by machines.In this research,an automatic seedling feeding device for the vegetable transplanting machine was designed.Taking into account the constraints of the operating environment of the transplanter and providing convenience for remote operation,the automatic seedling feeding device uses a small,easy-to-install lithium battery as the only power source.The device is mainly composed of a seedling feeding arm,a seedling feeding gripper,a horizontal and vertical transmission part of the arm,and a control box,which can realize the sequential grabbing and feeding the 128 hole vegetable plug seedlings to the corresponding seedling feeding cup of the transplanter row by row.After the trial production of the prototype,the experiment of the feeding-seedling device was carried out to evaluate the influence of moisture content of plug seedling substrate,seedling age,and angle of feeding claw into the soil on the success rate of feeding seedling.The test results showed that the water content of the plug seedling substrate and the angle of feeding claws into feeding soil had obvious effects on the success rate of feeding claws.When the substrate watercontent of the plug seedlings is 45%and the angle of feeding claws into the soil is 10°,the success rate of feeding seedling is 92.3%.The test results showed that the operating performance of the automatic seedling feeding device could meet the actual production requirements.