草原生态补奖视阈下内蒙古边疆牧户福利变动结构异质性分析

Structural Heterogeneity Analysis of Herdsmen’s Welfare in Inner Mongolia Border Area from the Perspective of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidies and Incentives Mechanism

本文从理论层面分析内蒙古边疆牧区草原生态补奖视阈下牧户福利变动及其结构异质性,提出研究假设。基于森的可行能力理论,本文选取牧户6大功能性活动,采用模糊综合评价法分析草原生态补奖前后下内蒙古边疆牧户福利结构异质性,而后运用分位数回归法研究补奖后牧户福利结构分布的影响因素。结果表明:(1)在不减少除牧户外其它群体福利的前提下,随着货币数量、教育投入、就业技能、社会保障等资源量的增加,补奖后内蒙古边疆牧户的福利水平由0.438提升为0.455,但牧区居民福利发展仍不充分;(2)补奖前牧户福利结构表现出"集中型"特征,补奖后牧户福利结构呈现中间大、两头小的"类正态"分布,补奖前后牧户福利结构异质性、不均衡问题凸显;(3)草原生态补奖资金量,对中低福利水平牧户家庭福利的影响更大;(4)补奖机制的总体满意度,对中高福利水平牧户的家庭福利正向拉动作用更为明显。本文建议适当加强资源量投入,坚持原则性与灵活性相统一原则制定补奖方案,转变福利补偿制度,以期持续均衡提高边疆牧区牧户福利水平,缩小牧户福利分配差距。

This paper analyzes the changes in the welfare of herdsmen and their structural heterogeneity from the perspective of the grassland ecological subsidy in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia. According to this, the research hypothesis is proposed. Based on Sen’s Feasibility Capability Theory, six functional activities of herdsmen were selected, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to compare and analyze the changes in the herdsmen’s welfare before and after the grassland ecological reward in the Inner Mongolia border area, and then use the quantile regression method to empirically study the influencing factors of the differences in the welfare of herdsmen. The results show that:(1) Under the premise of not reducing the welfare of other groups in the pastoral, with the increase in the amount of money, education investment, employment skills, social security and other resources, the welfare level of Inner Mongolia border herdsmen increased from 0.438 to 0.455 after the policy, but welfare development for pastoral residents is inadequate.(2) Before the policy, the overall welfare structure of the herdsmen showed a "centralized" character. After the policy, the overall welfare structure of the herdsmen showed a "quasi-normal" distribution with a large middle and small head. The structural heterogeneity and imbalance of herdsmen’s welfare in the pastoral area before and after the policy is highlighted.(3) The amount of grassland ecological compensation funds has a greater impact on the welfare of pastoral households with low and medium welfare levels.(4)The overall satisfaction of the supplementary reward mechanism has a more significant impact on the family welfare of herds with medium and high welfare levels. It is recommended to appropriately strengthen resources investment, adhere to the principle of combining flexibility with flexibility, and change the compensation method, to continuously improve the welfare level of pastoralists in the pastoral areas and narrow the gap in the welfare distribution of pastoralists.