学术汉语的词汇使用特征研究

A study on the lexical usage characteristics of Academic Chinese

通过自建学术汉语论文语料库,本研究比较分析了医学、化学、地理、心理、法学、文学等六类学科学术语体的词汇使用特征。研究表明:学术语体词汇累积频率比一般书面语更高,词语使用较保守;自然科学类学术语体的词汇密度比人文社科类的更高,人文社科类学术语体使用的虚词种类更丰富;学术语体高频使用一小部分虚词,有99个核心虚词广泛出现于多类学科学术语体之中,其中25个为新HSK考试超纲词。不同学科的学术语体既有特性,又有共性,其中特性构成了专门学术汉语特征,共性构成了通用学术汉语特征。对学术汉语词汇使用特征的分析为高级阶段的汉语国际教育提供了教学内容参考。

By building a corpus of Chinese academic papers,this study compares and analyses the lexical usage features in six academic domains,including medicine,chemistry,geography,psychology,jurisprudence and literature.The research shows that:the lexical accumulation frequency of the academic style is higher than that in the general written language,and the use of words is more conservative;the lexical density of natural science is higher than that of humanities and social sciences,and the types of function words used in humanities and social sciences are more diverse;the academic style uses a small number of function words in extreme high frequency,and 97 core function words are widely found in multi-disciplinary academic styles,25 of which are not in the New HSK word list.Academic styles of different disciplines have both characteristics and commonalities,among which the characteristics constitute the heterogeneties of Chinese for Specific Academic Purposes,and the commonalities constitute the homogeneties of Chinese for General Academic Purposes.The analysis of the lexical usage characteristics of Chinese academic style provides a reference to the advanced stage of international Chinese education.