复合词内部功用义实现方式的语义解释与选择规则

Semantic interpretation and selective rules on the means of telic expressions in compound nouns

功用在名词的物性角色中处于核心地位,"功用+名"是汉语中常见而能产的复合词构造方式。(宋作艳2016)本文要进一步探讨的是,复合词内部选择N或V实现功用义的差异,包括N、V与同一中心成分构词的合法性、词语缺位、由语义相关的N、V与同一中心成分构成的同义词语的语义语用差异等;表功用义的N、V内部的语义差异体现在N1是N2功用义隐含谓词的客体或结果,可能具有叠加功用义或功用多解性,而V在体现N的原型默认功用或特殊功用时具有不同的呈现可能性。基于上述分析,本文提炼出定中式复合词内部功用义实现方式的三条选择规则:Ⅰ.组构双音词,表达常规功用,V常常隐含,优先提取V的客体或结果组构NN定中式;Ⅱ.组构双音词,若需凸显特殊或细分功用,会选择V(主要是Vi)组构VN定中式;Ⅲ.组构多音词,优先选择V双表达特殊或细分功用,组构VN定中式。

Telic role tops other qualia roles and ’telic+noun’ is a common and productive mode in Chinese compound nouns. This paper aims to explain the restraints of choosing verbal or noun constituents to express the telic feature in compound nouns, such as the grammaticality of V/N and the same constituent, word gap, and the semantic and pragmatic differences between synonymous VN and NN, and, meanwhile, aims to explain the inner semantic difference in verbal or noun constituents, such as the superposed telic roles or multiplicity of meaning of N1 which is the object or result of the implied predicate coming from the telic feature of N2, and the possibility of V to present the prototypical, default or special telic feature. Three selective rules on the means of telic expression in compound nouns are: 1) in disyllables, if the telic feature is prototypical and default, noun constituents which are the objects or results of the implied predicate will be optimized to form NN compound nouns;2) in disyllables, if the telic feature is specific or subdivided, verbal constituents(vi mainly) will be optimized to form VN compound nouns;3) in trisyllables, verbal disyllable constituents can be optimized to form VN compound nouns.