中国民俗学的学派、流派与门派

The Schools,Schools of Thought and Sects of Chinese Folklore Studies

"中国学派"是一个在科学哲学上无法逻辑自洽的自闭性概念。进入21世纪后,钟敬文提出的"中国民俗学派"不仅没能落实,反而愈显飘渺。执着于不同学术理念的民俗学者,共性越来越少,交流越来越困难,民俗学分门别派已成大势所趋。广义的学术派别包括门派、学派与流派。那些依靠师承关系或行政力量强制圈定的学术团队,就是门派;能够吸引一批优秀同业者自愿加入的学术共同体,就是学派;学派获得了跨时空传承的生命力,就是流派。学派形成是以学科成熟为前提的,现代学术中的科学学派业已成为新思想、新理论的孵化器和扩音器。不同学派虽然在资源争夺上表现为竞争关系,但在学科结构上主要表现为互补的平衡关系。学派建设的三个要素,一是具有可持续发展前景的科学研究纲领,二是擅长学术经营的学派领袖,三是学派成员自觉的共同体意识。尊重学术多样性应该视为一种学术伦理,而学派多样性正是学术多样性的具体表现。

The so-called"Chinese School"is a self-enclosed concept lacking in logical consistency in academic history.After entering the 21 st century,the Chinese School of Folklore Studies raised by Zhong Jingwen has not been carried out,and it has become vaguer instead.Scholars of folklore studies clinging to different academic ideas share fewer commonalities,and communication is thus becoming more and more difficult.The division of folklore studies has become a trend.In a broad sense,academic groups include sects,schools and schools of thought.Sects refer to those academic groups maintained by the relationship between teaching and learning or administrative force.Schools refer to those academic communities which attract excellent peers to join in.When the thought of a school is passed down regardless of time and space,it becomes a school of thought.Schools in modern academia have become an incubator as well as amplifier for new ideas and theories.Although it appears to be a competitive relationship between different schools in terms of resource competition,it becomes a complementarily balanced relationship when it comes to the structure of disciplines.Three elements are required to construct a school:a scientific research guideline with a sustainable development prospect,a school leader good at academic management,and a community consensus shared by school members.The respect of academic diversity should be considered to be one of the academic ethics,and the diversity of schools exemplifies the academic diversity.