长江流域油后棉主要农艺性状的鉴定与优异种质筛选

Identification of main agronomic characteristics and screening of elite germplasm resources of the cotton after rape cultivation in the Yangzte River Basin

为扩大长江流域油后棉种质资源库,筛选出符合杂交亲本的优异种质,提高棉花育种效率,以引进的72份陆地棉材料为研究对象,应用统计软件SAS V8等对其11个主要农艺性状进行变异性、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明:72份陆地棉种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,材料间的性状变异系数在1.15%~30.31%之间,变幅较大,其中单株成铃数变异系数最大,为30.31%。相关性分析结果表明:生育期与株形性状均呈极显著正相关,株高与铃质量呈极显著正相关,单株果枝数与单株成铃数呈极显著正相关,且与铃质量呈显著负相关,衣分和铃质量均与部分品质性状呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明:前4个主成分累计贡献率达73.98%,包含了11个性状的绝大部分信息。聚类分析表明,72份参试种质可分为6类,其中第Ⅰ类群属于优质材料,第Ⅱ类群属于高产材料,第Ⅴ类群属于高产优质材料,育种中可加以重点应用。通过综合评价共筛选出优质材料2份,高产材料6份,在育种工作中可结合品质与产量性状之间的关系,利用优势亲本培育新品种。

In order to expand the germplasm resource bank of cotton after rape cultivation in the Yangtze River Basin,screen out excellent germplasm suitable for hybrid parents,and improve the efficiency of cotton breeding,11 main agronomic traits of 72 upland cotton materials introduced were analyzed with the methods of variability,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and clustering analysis by statistical software SAS V8.The results showed that,the 72 Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity,and the variation coefficients of characters among 72 materials ranged from 1.15%to 30.31%.The variation coefficient of boll number per plant was the largest,was 30.31%.The correlation analysis showed that the growth period was significantly and positively correlated with plant type traits.The plant height was extremely significantly and positively correlated with the boll mass.The number of fruit branches per plant was extremely significantly and positively correlated with the boll number per plant,and significantly and negatively correlated with the boll mass.The lint percentage and boll mass were significantly and negatively correlated with some quality traits.The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 73.98%,which including most information of 11 traits.Clustering analysis showed that the 72 cotton materials were classified into six groups.GroupⅠbelonged to high-quality materials,and groupⅡbelonged to high-yield materials.GroupⅤbelonged to high-yield and high-quality materials,which could be used in breeding.Two highquality cotton materials and six high-yield cotton materials were screened out with the method of comprehensive evaluation,which would be used to cultivate new materials with combination of yield and quality traits.