基于语料库的量词“枚”古今搭配的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Collocation of the Measure Word“Mei”in Chinese

名词“枚”本义是“树干”,后引申为量词,并经历了泛化和衰落的过程。到了现代汉语中,普遍认为量词“枚”只用来搭配形体细长或体积小的对象。通过对比北大CCL语料库古代汉语和现代汉语两部分下的量词“枚”的用例,可以清楚地发现,与古代汉语中的用例相比,当今“枚”字虽然整体搭配范围明显缩小,但除了继承古汉中的一部分搭配对象外,还可以搭配符合[+体积小]或[+细长]特征的近现代产生的新事物,甚至还大量出现与人或抽象事物相组配的超常情况。这种超常搭配受历史用法影响、使用者心理需求和表达的需要、网络平台的推动而得以盛行,是量词“枚”再次泛化的预兆。

The original meaning ofnoun“Mei”is“trunk”.It later extended to measure word and experienced the process of generalization and decline.In modern Chinese,it is widely believed that measure word“Mei”are just used to match objects with slender or small size.By comparing the use cases of“Mei”in the two parts of the ancient Chinese and modern Chinese language in the CCL corpus of Peking University,we can find that compared with the cases in ancient Chinese,the collocation range of“Mei”is obviously narrowed down.However,it not only inherit a part of ancient collocation,but also can match new things with characteristics of small or slender,and even for a large number of equipping with people or abstract things.The supernormal collocation is influenced by historical usage,the needs of users’psychology and expression,and the promotion of the network,it is a sign that the measure word“Mei”is generalizing again.