传染病全球“大流行”特征下国际救援的便利化措施--以新型冠状病毒肺炎事件为背景

Facilitation Measures for Foreign Aid under Global Pandemic of Infectious Diseases--In the Background of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

随着新型冠状病毒肺炎在全球诸多国家持续蔓延,世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎具备全球“大流行”特征。传染病全球“大流行”作为灾害的一种外在表现形式,对疫情发生国的应对能力和各国之间的国际合作都提出了更高的要求。根据《国际卫生条例》的规定,疫情发生国在积极采取相应防疫措施的同时,还应当对国内疫情的严重程度进行评估并及时向世界卫生组织通报。此外,根据《发生灾害时人员保护草案》,在疫情严重程度超出疫情发生国的应对能力时,疫情发生国有义务主动向其他国家或世界卫生组织请求国际援助,也不应当武断地拒绝其他国家和组织的国际援助。对于迫切需要的国际援助,接受援助的国家还应当在清关、税收、运输、人员的入境、资格认证和豁免权等方面采取.特殊的临时性便利化措施,以保障国际援助能够更快到达疫情发生国开展救援。

As Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia spreads in many countries around the world,the World Health Organization officially declared Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia got global“pandemic”characteristics on March 11,2020.The global pandemic of infectious diseases,as an external form of disaster,has put forward higher requirements on the handling ability of the affected countries and the international cooperation among every country.According to the International Health Regulations,affected countries should take corresponding epidemic prevention measures,and at the same time,they also should assess the severity of the domestic epidemic and promptly report to the WHO.In addition,according to the Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters,it is obligatory to take the initiative to request international assistance from other countries or the WHO when the epidemic situation exceeds the response capacity of the affected country.Foreign aid from other countries and organizations should not be arbitrarily denied.For urgently needed foreig n aid,recipie nt countries should also adopt special temporary facilitation measures in customs clearance,taxation,transportation,entry of personnel,qualification and immunity,so as to ensure that international assistance can reach the affected countries more quickly for relief.