美国制裁伊朗对国际货物贸易的影响及应对--以美国对伊制裁法案和案例为视角

Impact of United States Economic Sanctions Against Iran on International Trade in Goods and Coping Strategy--From the Perspective of U.S.Sanction Bills and Related Cases

近年来,美国对外经济制裁愈演愈烈,特朗普政府的“美国优先”政策导致单边主义、贸易保护主义抬头。以2018年5月美国宣布重启对伊制裁为信号,美国对伊朗实施了更加全面的经济制裁,对伊制裁法案涉及贸易、金融、航运等多个领域,相关制裁规则直接或间接地影响了国际货物贸易的各个方面,包括支付、保险、货物运输等环节,严重阻碍了国际货物贸易的有序进行。中国企业也不可避免地受到了美国对伊经济制裁的影响,欲维护自身合法利益,中国企业可在制裁规则的框架内,从交易相对人、交易标的物、交易方式、交易时间等交易要素出发,建立完备的合规体系;在国际经贸合同订立过程中,设置“制裁条款”,主动防范制裁风险予以应对。

In recent years,U.S.economic sanctions are getting more and more severe.The Trump administration's“U.S.First”policy has led to the rise of unilateralism and trade protectionism.The re-imposition of the sanctions on Iran in May 2018 is a typical example.U.S.economic sanctions against Iran is more comprehensive,and relevant sanction acts concern trade,finance,shipping and many other fields.Sanctions rules contained therein directly or indirectly affect all aspects of international trade in goods,including payment,transportation of goods,insurance and other trade links,seriously impeding the orderly development of international trade in goods.Chinese enterprises are inevitably affected by U.S.economic sanctions against Iran.To safeguard legitimate interests,Chinese enterprises can establish a complete compliance system by focusing on trading counterparties,trading goods,trading method and time period of trading within the framework of sanctions rules,and set up “sanctions clauses” to avoid being sanctioned.