2008-2019年鞍山市甲型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Anshan City,Liaoning Province,China from 2008 to 2019

目的分析2008-2019年鞍山市甲型病毒性肝炎(简称甲肝)的流行病学特征,为制定针对性防控措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统2008-2019年鞍山市报告的甲肝病例进行分析。结果 2008-2019年鞍山市共报告甲肝病例945例,年平均报告发病率2.17/10万。发病呈明显季节性分布,3和7月份发病数最多,分别占总病例数的12.91%和11.64%;岫岩县年平均报告发病率最高,为4.77/10万;发病年龄以25~54岁为主,报告病例占总病例数的76.72%;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.96∶1;发病最多的职业为农民,占总病例数的35.24%,其次为家务及待业人员,占总病例数的22.96%。结论甲肝疫苗纳入扩大免疫规划后,鞍山市甲肝发病水平较低,但2019年发病明显增多,提示鞍山市甲肝发病进入新的流行周期,应继续做好甲肝疫苗免疫接种,加强对高发地区和重点人群的健康教育,同时强化疫情监测和预测,及时识别暴发或流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A(HA)in Anshan City,Liaoning Province,China from 2008 to 2019 and to provide a scientific basis for development of targeted prevention and control measures and strategies.Methods Data on cases of HA in Anshan City from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Report and Management System and analyzed by descriptively epidemiological method.Results From 2008 to 2019,945 cases of HA were reported in Anshan City,with an average reported incidence of 2.17/100 000.The incidence was distributed seasonally,of which the peaks appeared in March and July,accounting for 12.91% and 11.64% of the total cases respectively.The highest reported average incidence appeared in Xiuyan County,which was4.77/100 000.The cases mainly appeared in the population at ages of 25 ~ 54 years,accounting for 76.72% of the total cases.The cases appeared more in males than in females,of which the sex ratio was 1.96 ∶ 1.The largest proportion of the cases appeared in farmers,accounting for 35.24% of the total cases,followed by those in household and unemployed populations(22.96%).Conclusion After the introduction of HA vaccine into EPI,the incidence of HA was at a low level in Anshan City while increased significantly in 2019,indicating a new epidemic cycle of HA in this city.Health education and vaccination should be given to the high risk areas and susceptible population,and monitoring and prediction should be enhanced simultaneously to timely discern the signs of outbreaks and prevalence.