国外工作坊与我国高校人才培养组织模式的比较与启示

Comparison Between Foreign Workshops and the Organization Model of Talent Training in Chinese Universities and Its Enlightenment

工作坊起源于德国包豪斯学院,聚焦于解决特定问题和培养特定专业人员,已经成为国际上较为流行的一种教学活动组织模式。当前,国内高校人才培养有班级授课制、社团、导师制、创新创业学院等四种主流组织模式,在一定程度上存在"培养目标重群体方案,轻个体选择;培养方法重自主自发,轻科学系统;培养过程重教师传授,轻学生认同;培养产出重显性指标,轻未来能力"等问题。与国内几种人才培养组织模式比较,工作坊具有一定的比较优势,如规模适度、兼顾个体,导向明确、体系科学,组织认同度较高、学生主动性较强,素养为先、产出为要。工作坊既可作为国内高校强基计划的培养模式试点,也可作为创新创业教育的孵化载体,还可作为一流拔尖人才的培养平台。

Workshops originated from Bauhaus College in Germany and they are focusing on solving specific problems and training specific professionals,so it has become a popular mode of organizing teaching activities in the world.At present,there are four mainstream organizational models:class teaching system,association system,tutorial system and innovation and entrepreneurship college.Nevertheless,to a certain extent,there exist some problems,for instance,talent training targets focus on group plan rather than individual choice;talent cultivation method is more self-directed rather than scientific system;the role of tutors,in the process of talent cultivation,are more emphasized rather than that of students;and the output of talent cultivation focuses on explicit index,but ignoring future ability.Compared with several domestic talent training organization models,the workshop has certain comparative advantages,such as moderate scale and individual consideration;clear guidance and scientific system;high organizational identity and strong student initiative;literacy and output sharing the first place.Therefore,the workshop can be used as a pilot training model for the strong foundation program of domestic universities,as an incubator carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship education,and as a training platform for top-notch talents.