职业类别对经性途径感染HIV/AIDS病人的生存质量影响分析

Influence of occupational categories on the quality of life of HIV/AIDS Patients infected through sexual transmission

目的了解常州市职业对经性途径感染艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)生存质量的影响,为改善其生存质量提供科学依据。方法采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表中文版,选择637名经性途径感染HIV/AIDS病人在量表生理、心理、独立性、社会关系、环境和精神领域6个维度的得分作为聚类指标,分析不同职业类别的HIV/AIDS病人在生存质量方面的差异。结果聚类分析将9种职业分为2类,Ⅰ类为商业服务,农民或民工,家政、家务及待业和工人,Ⅱ类为餐饮食品业,干部职员,离退人员,学生和其他。与Ⅱ类职业相比,Ⅰ类职业中女性比例较高(Ⅰ14.77%,Ⅱ6.84%,χ^2=7.704,P<0.05),已婚有配偶比例较高(Ⅰ56.60%,Ⅱ41.58%,χ^2=14.701,P<0.05),文化程度较低(Ⅰ53.47%,Ⅱ24.74%,χ^2=62.040,P<0.001),家庭收入(Ⅰ74093.96±66379.096元,Ⅱ98926.37±93359.494元,t=-3.326,P<0.05)和个人收入较低(Ⅰ40806.09±30594.416元,Ⅱ51798.86±46812.693元,t=-2.978,P<0.05)。两类职业的生存质量得分在生理(Ⅰ13.33±2.60,Ⅱ13.85±2.68)、独立性(Ⅰ14.21±2.25,Ⅱ14.86±2.25)和社会关系领域(Ⅰ12.43±2.24,Ⅱ13.44±2.26)均低于正常人群(P<0.05),在环境(Ⅰ12.80±1.93,Ⅱ13.49±1.90)和精神领域(Ⅰ12.99±3.15,Ⅱ13.86±2.91)均高于正常人群(P<0.05),Ⅰ类职业在心理领域(13.27±1.98)低于正常人群(P<0.05)。修正均数后Ⅱ类职业在心理(13.70)、独立性(14.71)、社会关系(13.27)、环境(13.27)和精神(13.79)5个领域的得分均高于Ⅰ类职业(13.34、14.28、12.51、12.89、13.02,P<0.05)。结论无论HIV/AIDS病人从事什么职业,其生存质量在环境和精神以外的其他领域普遍低于正常人群。从事Ⅱ类职业的HIV/AIDS病人的生存质量在除生理以外的所有领域均高于Ⅰ类职业。

Objective To understand the influence of occupation on the life quality of HIV/AIDS Patients through sexual transmission,and to provide scientific basis for improving their quality of life.Methods WHO QOL HIV-BREF was used to select 637 PLWHA in the six dimensions of the scale:physiology,psychology,independence,social relations,environment and spirituality,as the clustering indicators to analyze the differences in quality of life of HIV/AIDS Patients in different occupational categories.Results Clustering analysis and 9 occupations could be divided into two categories,with class I for those working for commercial services,farmers or migrant workers,housekeeping,housework and unemployed workers,and class II for workers in catering and food industry,cadre staff,retired personnel,students and others.Compared with class II occupation,the proportion of females in class I was higher(Ⅰ14.77%,Ⅱ6.84%,χ~2=7.704,P<0.05);the proportion of married couples was higher(Ⅰ56.6%,Ⅱ41.58%,χ~2=14.701,P<0.05);and the level of education was lower(Ⅰ53.47%,Ⅱ24.74%,χ~2=62.040,P<0.001);household income(Ⅰ74093.96±66379.096,Ⅱ98926.37±93359.494,t=-3.226,P<0.05)and personal income were lower(Ⅰ40806.09±30594.416,Ⅱ51798.86±46812.693,t=-2.978,P<0.05).The occupations(Ⅰ13.33±2.60,Ⅱ13.85±2.68),independence(Ⅰ14.21±2.25,Ⅱ14.86±2.25)and social relations(Ⅰ12.43±2.24,Ⅱ13.44±2.26)of the two occupations were lower than the normal population(P<0.05),higher than the normal population in the environmental(Ⅰ12.80±1.93,Ⅱ13.49±1.90)and spiritual fields(Ⅰ12.99±3.15,Ⅱ13.86±2.91,P<0.05),and the class I occupations were lower than the normal population in the psychological field(13.27±1.98,P<0.05).The scores of class II occupations in psychology(13.70),independence(14.71),social relations(13.27),environment(13.27)and spirit(13.79)were higher than those in class I(13.34,14.28,12.51,12.89,13.02,P<0.05).Conclusion No matter what occupation HIV/AIDS Patients is engaged in,the quality of life is generally lower than the normal population in areas other than environment and spirit.The quality of life of HIV/AIDS Patients engaged in class II occupations is higher than that of class I occupations in all fields except for physiology.