模块化自动升降式深海网箱设计与仿真

Design and Simulation of Modular Automatic Lifting Deep-sea Cage

为了提高深海养殖网箱抵抗强风暴袭击的能力,同时解决在海区缺少大型工程安装设备的情况下,完成大型深海网箱的高效组装及后期部件便捷更换等问题,设计了一种模块化自动升降式智能化深海网箱。以1.5×104 m^3型网箱为研究对象,通过理论论证、实体建模和仿真计算,系统研究了深海网箱在风暴海况时的升降状态、主要组件的受力及升降过程中平衡技术的实现。仿真分析表明,在遭遇风暴不升降时,网箱最大应力为2.58×108 N/m^2,超出了钢材的屈服强度,在网箱降至海面以下10 m时,应力仅为在海面时的13%,大幅降低了网箱的受力变形;通过多层多节智能控制能够实现网箱的平衡升降。该网箱克服了传统网箱普遍存在的抗风浪能力差、制造运输不方便、网箱容积受限、使用稳定性不足以及智能化程度低等问题,在制造成本、运输、组装、维修和使用等方面满足深海规模化养殖的需求,为复杂海况、深海大型网箱的设计提供了设计依据,为实现规模化深海养殖工程提供了合理的设计方案。

A modularized automatic lifting type intelligent deep-sea cage was presented.The objective was to improve the deep-sea cages cultivation volume and its ability to resist strong storm attacks.The cage was facilitated a high-efficiency assembly process and a convenient replacement of old components,in particular in the absence of large-scale installation equipment.A 1.5×104 m^3 cage was taken as a research example.Based on theoretical prediction,modeling and simulation,the lifting states of cages in sea storm conditions were compared,the force and fluid analysis of the main components were carried out,and the cage’s balancing during the lifting process was realized.The simulation result showed that when the cage kept its normal position near the water surface during sea storm,the highest pressure(from the storm)on the cage would be up to 2.58×108 N/m^2,which exceeded the yield strength of the cage’s steel,leading to a cage deformation and even damage.On the other hand,when the cage was dropped to 10 m below the sea surface,the pressure would be decreased to 13%of its peak value.The lifting method can greatly reduce the forces on the cages and their deformation.The balanced lifting of the cage can be realized through multi-layer and multi-section intelligent control.This cage overcame several problems of traditional counterparts,including poor resistance to wind and wave,inconvenient production and transportation,limited cage volumes,insufficient stability in use,and low degree of intelligence.Therefore,it can meet the needs of large-scale deep-sea aquaculture in terms of production cost,transportation,assembly,maintenance and other aspects.The research result provided a theoretical basis for the design of different demand,high-sea conditions,and large-scale deep-water cages,leading to a reasonable solution for large-scale deep-sea aquaculture projects,and showing certain values in engineering applications.