日本对汪伪政府参战问题的决策探析

An Analysis of Japan’s Policy Decision on the Issue of Wang Jingwei Puppet Regime’s“Participation in the War”

太平洋战争爆发后,日本借口避免影响日苏关系,拒绝汪伪政府参战,而其实际的考量,则着眼于独揽英美在华权益。待日本接收租界等权益基本完毕,汪精卫指示周佛海借访日之机,向日本中央再提参战请求。但日本担忧影响与国民政府的媾和,将此事继续搁置。随着太平洋战局的变化,日本进攻重庆迫使国民政府屈服的计划不得不中止。与之同时,英美宣布废除对华不平等条约,日本准备在舆论上予以回击,并试图收买中国人心,打开侵华困局,推出了"对华新政策"。日本认为无理由地转变对华政策,容易给人以示弱之感,于是决定将其作为汪伪参战的"回报"。汪伪遂得日本首肯而参战,为日本推出"对华新政策"提供了台阶。汪伪参战的过程,较清晰地表现了日本对汪决策思路,即如何灵活利用汪伪政府,将自身利益最大化,不具博弈能力的汪伪政府,如何在顺从日本的前提下提出自身诉求,同样也值得关注。

After the outbreak of the Pacific War,Japan refused Wang Jingwei puppet regime to take part in the War on the pretext of avoiding to affect the Japanese-Soviet relations.But its actual consideration was focused on exclusively getting all rights and interests of Britain and the United States in China.After Japan received the concessions and other rights and interests,Wang Jingwei instructed Zhou Fohai,taking the opportunity of visiting in Japan,to ask the Japanese central government to allow the regime to take part in the War.However,Japan,worrying that the issue would affect Japan’s peace with the Nationalist government,put it on hold.With the evolution of the Pacific War,Japan’s plan of attacking Chongqing and forcing the Nationalist government to yield was suspended.At the same time,Britain and the United States had announced the abolition of all unequal treaties imposed on China.In order to fighting back through propaganda,winning the Chinese people’s support and getting it off the hook of invading China,Japan launched a"new policy towards China."Japan believed that the unjustified change of its China policy would easily give people a sense of weakness,so it decided to take the policy as a"reward"to Wang Jingwei puppet regime’s participation in the War.As a result the regime won Japan’s approval to participate in the War,and this gave Japan an out to launch the"new policy towards China."The process of Wang Jingwei puppet regime’s participation in the War clearly shows Japan’s policy decision towards the regime,that is,how to make flexible use of Wang Jingwei puppet regime to maximize Japan’s own interests;and how Wang Jingwei puppet regime with no abilities to play game put forward its own demands under the premise of obeying Japan,which is also worthy of attention.