建筑遗产再利用的共同演变策略

A Coevolutionary Approach to the Reuse of Built Cultural Heritage

既有建筑物的再利用通常被看作对复杂环境和人们使用需求的一种适应性改变,而共同演变则是与达尔文进化论相关的一种生物学概念,指的是两个相关的物种在进化过程中发展的共同进化。现如今,共同演变模式已经在生物学之外的许多领域得以应用,比如经济学中变革管理模式的发展,本文主要阐述共同演变模式对遗产保护方面的影响,着重开展对遗产与环境、社会之间关系的探究。建筑遗产的再利用正经历着从适应性(adaptation)到共同演变的变化,因此我们应该以一种辩证的思维来看待保护和再利用过程中的所有选择。由于逐渐意识到历史建筑未来价值的重要性,人们的关注点开始从当下的使用需求转变到保护和改造的长期评估上面,这种态度上的转变一方面探究了建筑遗产保护深层次方面的原因;另一方面,能够帮助我们深入了解再利用能够作为一种更丰富的遗产演变手段而且并不会给历史建筑本身带来负面影响。总而言之,本文的最终目标是阐明开放性遗产保护思维的优越性。

The reuse of existing buildings has been often described as the adaption to an evolving environment and the related needs.Coevolution is a metaphor coming from biology science,related to Darwinian processes affecting species,which have strong relationships with each other.Coevolutionary models have been applied outside the biology field,namely in economics,aiming at the development of models for change management.The proposed implementation of a coevolutionary approach enlightens the potential influence that the presence of heritage produces on the environment and the society.The author’s thesis is that all the choices in conservation and reuse processes can be seen under a different perspective,after the step from"adaptation"to"conservation of the coevolutionary potential".The awareness that the presence of an historic building or its features could produce future benefits going far beyond its mere use values,gives more reasons for conservation and/or modifications that are evaluated on the long terms and not just for the present needs.The expected change should concern the attitude to choice and the awareness about the reason why something has to be conserved instead of being sacrificed.On the other hand,in this perspective reuse becomes a tool for a richer evolution and changes,which are not necessarily negative for the historic building.The ultimate target of the paper is to clarify the benefits,which conservation discipline could get by opening the mindset to a wider variety of theoretical sources.