盐沼湿地植物的群落分类及其空间分布格局对土壤水盐的响应

Response of the spatial distribution and community types of wetland plants to soil moisture and salinity in a salt marsh

开展内陆盐沼湿地植物群落空间分布格局对土壤水盐的响应研究,将有助于深入理解盐沼湿地植物群落的环境可塑性机制。本文采用TWINSPAN和CCA等方法,研究小苏干湖内陆盐沼湿地植物群落空间分布格局与主要环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:小苏干湖湿地植物可以分为芦苇(Phragmites australis)+赖草(Leymus secalinus)、赖草、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)+披针叶野决明(Thermopsis lanceolata)、盐地风毛菊(Saussurea salsa)+赖草、水麦冬(Triglochin palustre)+海韭菜(Triglochin maritimum)和线叶嵩草(Kobresia capillifolia)+阿尔泰薹草(Carex altaica)等6个群落类型,各植物群落通过适应各自区域内土壤水盐的运移规律表现出显著的空间差异性;土壤含水率、土壤Ca^2+、Cl^-和地下水埋深对植物群落分布格局影响最显著。内陆盐沼湿地植物群落分布格局及其与土壤水盐因子之间的关系是湿地植物长期适应特殊生境的结果,体现了盐沼湿地植物较强的耐受性和生态适应性。

Information on the response of the spatial distribution patterns of plant communities in inland salt marsh wetlands to soil water and salt is helpful for understanding the mechanisms of environmental plasticity of plant communities in salt marsh wetlands.Our objective was to study the relationship between the spatial distribution patterns and the main environmental factors of wetland plant communities in the inland salt marsh of Xiao sugan Lake by using TWINSPAN and CCA methods.The results showed that there were six main wetland plant community types in Xiaosugan Lake,namely:Phragmites australis+Leymus secalinus;L.secalinus;Sophora alopecuroides+Thermopsis lanceolata;Saussurea salsa+L.secalinus;Triglochin palustre+Triglochin maritimum;and Kobresia capillifolia+Carex altaica.The plant communities showed significant differences in spatial distribution that reflected their adaptation to the migration of soil water and salt in their respective regions.Soil moisture content,groundwater depth,and soil Ca^2+and Cl^-contents had the most significant effects on the distribution patterns of the plant communities.The distribution patterns of inland salt marsh wetland plant communities and the relationship between these patterns and soil water and salt factors are the results of long-term adaptation of wetland plants to special habitats,which reflects the strong tolerance and ecological adaptability of these plants.