小学阶段开展职业启蒙教育的构建理路

Theoretical Review and Implementation Path of Career Enlightenment Education in Primary School

在小学阶段开展职业启蒙教育对完善职业教育体系、优化学生学习内容和借鉴发达国家教育改革经验具有重要意义。目前我国对小学阶段职业启蒙教育的研究和实践刚刚起步,缺乏科学的理论框架和可操作的实践范式。本文通过对职业教育规律和小学生身心发展规律的研究,构建了包含职业了解、自我观察、职业探究、职业体察、职业陶冶、自我评价六个主题的小学阶段职业启蒙教育理论框架,并将理论与现实相结合,提出学校与家长、社会力量联合开展"职业启蒙教育日"和职业调研活动,以及学校与职业学校、职业体验馆合作开展职业体验活动的实施对策。此外,提出多方参与构建职业启蒙教育评价共同体的教育质量保障策略。

Carrying out career enlightenment education in primary school stage is of great significance to perfecting the vocational education system,which optimizes the content of students’learning and aligns with education reforms in developed countries.At present,the research and practice of vocational enlightenment education in primary school in China has just started,lacking a scientific theoretical framework and an operational practice paradigm.Through the research on the law of vocational education and the law of physical and mental development of primary school students,the theoretical framework of vocational enlightenment education in primary school is constructed,which includes the stage of professional understandings,the stage of self-observation,the stage of career inquiry,the stage of occupational examination,the stage of vocational edification,and the stage of self-evaluation.We try to combine the theory with reality and propose the measure that gathers the power of the school,the parents and the society jointly to launch the"career enlightenment education day"and career research activities,as well as the implementation of vocational experience activities that cooperate with schools and vocational schools.In addition,we also put forward the education quality guarantee strategy to construct an evaluation community of the career enlightenment education with multiple participation.