新时代中小学劳动教育的内涵、类型与实施策略

Connotation,Types and Implementation Strategies of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era

劳动教育已成为中小学教育阶段一门必修课程,该课程既是促进人的"完成"的基础,又是培育"完整的人"的必要路径。它是全面发展教育的重要组成部分,是融通五育的粘合剂;是立德树人和提升学生发展核心素养的基本路径。新时代中小学劳动教育主要有日常生活劳动、生产劳动、服务性劳动等类型。该课程设置的旨归是传承人的"劳动基因"(人的本性),立德树人,培养学生的劳动素养和促进人的"完整"发展。只有通过课程化设计,以及与学科教学及其他教育活动融合等途径和方式,才能推进该课程常态化实施,以实现其开设目标。

As a compulsory course at the stage of primary and secondary education,labor education is not only the basis of a"completing man",but also a necessary path of"complete man".It is an important part of comprehensive development education and a fusion point of five educations;it is a basic path for establishing morality and improving the core qualities of students’development.Labor education in primary and secondary schools mainly includes life labor,service labor,technical labor and practical labor.The purpose of this course is to inherit the labor genes(human nature)of human beings,to cultivate people’s virtue,to cultivate students’labor qualities and to promote the"complete"development of human beings.Only by means of curriculum design and integration with subject teaching and other educational activities can the normal implementation of the curriculum be promoted to achieve its goal of opening.