含铀磷块岩型矿床研究现状和未来展望

Research Status and Prospect of Uranium-bearing Phosphorite Deposits

根据国际原子能机构(IAEA)铀矿床分类方案和全球铀矿床数据库(UDEPO),含铀磷块岩型与不整合相关型、砂岩型和火山岩型等并列为十五大铀矿床类型,含铀磷块岩型矿床中铀的资源量在十五大铀矿床类型中排列第二,且含铀磷块岩型矿床经常伴生钼、镍、钒、分散元素和稀土等多种战略资源,显示巨大的资源潜力,但是由于磷块岩中铀的品位偏低,大部分只能作为磷矿的副产品加以开采,因此含铀磷块岩型矿床相对国内四大类型(砂岩型、花岗岩型、火山岩型和碳硅泥岩型)研究程度较低,国内外对该类型的命名仍未能得到统一。本次系统总结和梳理国际和国内相关概念的描述,赋予了含铀磷块岩型矿床的概念,初步划分了类型,整理了全球磷矿床和含铀磷块岩型矿床的分布,总结了磷矿床、含铀磷块岩型矿床的勘查和研究现状,并对国际含铀磷块岩型矿床综合开采和我国磷矿和含铀磷块岩型矿床的未来发展提出了建议。

According to the latest uranium deposit classification by the IAEA and the database“World Distribution of Uranium Deposits”(UDEPO),Uranium-bearing phosphate deposit is one of the fifteen uranium deposit types as unconformity-related,sandstone-hosted and volcanic-related uranium deposit.Moreover,the uranium-bearing phosphate deposits have huge potential uranium resources that are ranked as the second largest in the fifteen types.In addition,the uranium-bearing phosphorite type deposits are often associated with molybdenum,nickel,vanadium,dispersed elements and rare earth elements and other strategic resources,which show great potential for resources.However,Uranium can only be recovered as by-product of phosphate due to low uranium grade.Therefore,the research degree of uranium-bearing phosphorite type deposit is low relative to the four major types(sandstone type,granite type,volcanic rock type and carbonaceous-siliceous-argillaceous rock type)in China.The naming of this type has not yet been unified at home and abroad.The concept of uranium-bearing phosphate deposits is redefined by this paper and some subtypes are preliminarily classified based on systematical summary and combing the description of relevant concepts at home and abroad.The temporal and spatial distribution of global phosphate deposits and uranium-bearing phosphate deposits are cleared up.Finally,this paper made a proposal on the comprehensive mining of uranium-bearing phosphate deposits in the world and the exploration for phosphate and uranium-bearing phosphate deposits in China.