局部止血材料及机制的研究进展

Research on Local Hemostatic Materials and Mechanisms

机体正常止血与凝血机制有赖于血管壁、血小板、凝血因子、抗凝因子、纤溶系统以及它们之间的生理性调节和平衡,文献资料显示,理想的止血材料应具备:①可直接用于出血创面,止血时间短;②使用时不需要混合或做其他准备工作;③价格便宜,使用简单;④可以长期储存,携带方便;⑤可吸收,不需要清理,无组织损伤和感染风险。纵观止血材料的发展历程,从化学类到蛋白类、纤维素类、多糖类,由不可吸收发展到可吸收,毒性逐渐降低;从动物源性逐渐向植物源性转变,减少了排斥反应,降低了动物源性疾病传播的风险。机体的正常止血,主要依赖于完整的血管壁结构和功能、有效的血小板质量和数量及正常的血浆凝血因子活性。

The normal hemostasis and coagulation mechanism of the body depends on the blood vessel wall,platelets,coagulation factors,anticoagulant factors,fibrinolysis system and the physiological regulation and balance between them.The literature shows that the ideal hemostatic material should have:①directly for bleeding wounds,short hemostasis time;②no mixing or other preparation work when using;③cheap,easy to use;④long-term storage,easy to carry;⑤absorbable,no need Clean up,no tissue damage and risk of infection.Throughout the development of hemostatic materials,from chemical to protein,cellulose,polysaccharides,from non-absorbable to absorbable,toxicity is gradually reduced;from animal-derived to plantderived,reducing rejection,reducing the risk of the spread of animal-borne diseases.The normal hemostasis of the body depends mainly on intact vessel wall structure and function,effective platelet mass and quantity,and normal plasma clotting factor activity.