“明理”与“明数”——清初陆世仪易学思想管见

Centering on“Li”or“Shu”——A Research on Lu Shiyi’s Thoughts on I Ching in Early Qing Dynasty

陆世仪解《易》重理、阐理,其易学诠释中处处见“理”,这固然是他理学家的一贯思路,但他对“理”的突显其实也是一种重德的表现。陆世仪提倡躬行实践的实学思想,认为易道只有在人事中发用流行,才能使生命主体之人体悟天道。此种诠释显见是出于对人文世界的重视,其能引人奋发向上,正是儒家的精神所在。在理与象数的关系问题上,陆世仪认为理尊于数,理比象数更为根本,象数本于理而立,是表达理的工具,理要通过象数才能显现出来。陆世仪虽未否定《易》本为卜筮之书的说法,但却淡化卜筮本身的吉凶祸福,主张道义配祸福,并在对卦爻辞的解释上,较少从卜筮方面进行阐释,而是加强以义理解《易》,更多强调《易》是道德性命之书。

The striking feature of Lu Shiyi’s philosophy in commentaries on I Ching study is that he reinforces the idea of“li”,which is his consistent way of thinking as a Neo-Confucianism.That he highlights“li”is also a kind of virtue.Lu Shiyi advocates the practical idea of practice.He thinks that reasons presented in I Ching can be carried out epidemically only in daily routine.This interpretation is out of the emphasis on the humanities world,which leads people to rise up.And this is exactly the spirit of Confucianism.On the relationship between“li”and“shu”,Lu Shiyi thinks that“li”is more fundamental than“shu”,and“shu”is based on“li”,which is the tool of expressing“li”,while“li”can be revealed through“shu”.Lu Shiyi doesn’t deny I Ching is the book of divination,but he weakens the influence of divination,and he thinks fortune and misfortune are based on moral.So in the interpretation of I Ching,he seldom explains it from divination,but stresses the understanding of I Ching with meaning,and emphasizes that I Ching is a book of moral life.