中国社会主义建设探索时期的反贫困实践及评估

Poverty-alleviation Practice and Assessments in the Exploration Period of New China’s Socialist Construction

中国脱贫攻坚的历史性成就是经历了漫长曲折、艰苦卓绝的奋斗和探索才取得的。新中国成立后30年的社会主义建设探索时期(1949—1978),在马克思列宁反贫困思想的指导下,以毛泽东同志为核心的党中央从中国贫困实际出发,坚持在社会主义制度下消除中国的贫困问题、通过共同富裕方式消除中国的贫困问题等原则,将建立社会主义制度与反贫困相结合,建立社会保障救济制度,使大多数人获得了平等发展的权利,改善人民生活水平和生活条件,实现社会公平和正义。但平均主义、一系列大规模群众运动等导致了农村绝对贫困与普遍贫困的问题没有得到根本解决,反贫困实践依然任重道远。

China’s historic achievements in poverty alleviation result from persistent efforts and explorations.Under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism poverty alleviation principles and the core leadership of Mao Zedong,the Communist Party of China(CPC)tried to solve China’s poverty problems within the socialist institutional framework,for nearly thirty years since the founding of the People’s Republic(1949-1978).Through principles like“common affluence to eliminate poverty”,CPC combined socialism institution construction with establishments of the anti-poverty welfare system.Therefore,it offered the majority of Chinese people equal opportunity for development.Great efforts have also been adopted in order to improve people’s living standards and achieve social justice and fairness.But egalitarianism and massive political movements resulted in both absolute poverty and comprehensive poverty in rural areas.China’s anti-poverty practice still has a long way to go.