饮用水消毒过程中溴代消毒副产物生成的研究进展

Research Progress on the Formation of Brominated Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water Disinfection

饮用水消毒过程中,消毒剂会与有机和无机前体物反应,生成消毒副产物。原水中溴离子的存在是导致消毒过程中溴代消毒副产物生成的根本原因,且溴离子浓度会影响消毒副产物的生成种类和浓度的分布。目前饮用水中已被检测出的溴代消毒副产物包括溴代三卤甲烷、溴代乙酸、溴代乙醛、溴代苯酚、溴代苯醌、溴代硝基甲烷、溴代乙酰胺、溴代乙腈、溴酸盐等。相比于氯代消毒副产物,溴代消毒副产物的浓度普遍较低,通常在n g/L~μg/L,但是却具有更高的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。溴代消毒副产物的生成机理、生物毒性评价及控制技术将是未来研究的重点。

In the process of drinking water disinfection,the disinfectant will react with organic and inorganic precursors to generate disinfection by-products.The existence of bromide ion in raw water is the root cause of the formation of brominated disinfection by-products in the disinfection process.The bromide concentration would affect the formation species and concentration distribution of DBPs.At present,the detected brominated disinfection by-products include brominated trihalomethanes,brominated acetic acids,bromoacetaldehyde,bromophenol,bromoquinone,bromonitromethane,bromoacetamide,bromoacetonitrile,bromate,et al.Compared with chlorinated disinfection by-products,the concentration of brominated disinfection by-products is generally lower,usually in ng/L~μg/L,but it has higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.The formation mechanism,biological toxicity assessment and control technology of brominated disinfection by-products will be the focus in the future research.